Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
Parasit Vectors. 2021 Nov 7;14(1):568. doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-05081-x.
Environmental conditions affect the biology of mosquito vectors. Aedes albopictus is a major vector of many important diseases including dengue, Zika, and chikungunya in China. Understanding the development, fecundity, and survivorship of Ae. albopictus mosquitoes in different environmental conditions is beneficial for the implementation of effective vector control measures.
Aedes albopictus larval and adult life-table experiments were conducted under natural conditions in indoor, half-shaded, and fully shaded settings, simulating the three major habitat types in Hainan Province, a tropical island in the South China Sea. Temperature, humidity, and light intensity were recorded daily. Larval rearing used habitat water and tap water, with and without additional artificial food. Development time, survivorship, pupation rate, and adult emergence rates were monitored. Adult mosquito survivorship and fecundity were monitored daily and reproductive rates were determined, and age-dependent survivorship and reproduction were analyzed.
The pupation time and male and female emergence times were significantly shorter in indoor conditions than in shaded and half-shaded conditions for both tap water with added food and habitat water with added food groups. For habitat water with added food, the shaded environment had the lowest pupation rate among the settings. For tap water with added food group, the shaded environment had the lowest pupation rate. The mean survival time of females was 27.3 ± 0.8 days in the indoor condition, which was significantly longer than that in the half-shaded (18.4 ± 0.6 days) and shaded (13.8 ± 1.2 days) conditions. Adult mortality was age-dependent, and the rate of change in mortality with age was not significantly different among different environmental conditions. The mean net replacement rate (R) of female mosquitoes showed no significant difference among the three conditions, whereas the per capita intrinsic growth rate (r) in the shaded condition was 42.0% and 20.4% higher than that in the indoor and half-shaded conditions, respectively. Female daily egg mass was also age-dependent in all the settings, decaying exponentially with age.
Our results imply that half-shaded conditions are likely the best natural condition for adult emergence and female reproduction, and food supply is crucial for larval development and pupation. The results provide new avenues for integrated mosquito management in indoor and outdoor areas, especially in half-shaded areas.
环境条件会影响蚊虫媒介的生物学特性。白纹伊蚊是包括登革热、寨卡和基孔肯雅热在内的许多重要疾病在中国的主要传播媒介。了解白纹伊蚊在不同环境条件下的发育、繁殖力和存活率，有利于实施有效的病媒控制措施。
在室内、半遮荫和全遮荫三种环境条件下，进行白纹伊蚊幼虫和成虫生命表实验，模拟海南岛的三种主要栖息地类型，海南岛是中国南海的一个热带岛屿。每天记录温度、湿度和光照强度。幼虫饲养使用栖息地水和自来水，有无额外的人工食物。监测发育时间、存活率、化蛹率和成虫羽化率。每天监测成蚊存活率和繁殖力，并确定繁殖率，分析年龄相关的存活率和繁殖力。
在有添加食物的自来水和栖息地水中，与半遮荫和全遮荫条件相比，室内条件下的化蛹时间以及雄蚊和雌蚊的羽化时间明显缩短。对于有添加食物的栖息地水，遮荫环境下的化蛹率最低。对于有添加食物的自来水组，遮荫环境下的化蛹率最低。有添加食物的栖息地水中，雌蚊的平均存活时间在室内条件下为 27.3±0.8 天，明显长于半遮荫（18.4±0.6 天）和全遮荫（13.8±1.2 天）条件下的存活时间。成蚊死亡率与年龄有关，不同环境条件下死亡率随年龄的变化率没有显著差异。三种条件下，雌蚊的净生殖率（R）没有显著差异，而在遮荫条件下，种群内增长率（r）比室内和半遮荫条件分别高 42.0%和 20.4%。在所有设置中，雌蚊的日产卵量也与年龄有关，随年龄呈指数衰减。
我们的结果表明，半遮荫条件可能是成虫羽化和雌蚊繁殖的最佳自然条件，食物供应对幼虫发育和化蛹至关重要。研究结果为室内外，特别是半遮荫地区综合蚊虫管理提供了新的途径。
