Virology Section, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Consortium for Epidemiology and Ecology (CEER-Africa), Nairobi, Kenya.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2020 Feb;20(2):71-81. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2486. Epub 2019 Sep 26.
Two species of mosquitoes ( and ) are primary vectors for emerging arboviruses that are a significant threat to public health and economic burden worldwide. Distribution of these vectors and the associated arboviruses, such as dengue virus, chikungunya virus, yellow fever virus, and Zika virus, was for a long time restricted by geographical, ecological, and biological factors. Presently, arbovirus emergence and dispersion are more rapid and geographically widespread, largely due to expansion of the range for these two mosquitoes that have exploited the global transportation network, land perturbation, and failure to contain the mosquito population coupled with enhanced vector competence. and may also sustain transmission between humans without having to depend on their natural reservoir forest cycles due to arthropod adaptation to urbanization. Currently, there is no single strategy that is adequate to control these vectors, especially when managing arbovirus outbreaks. This review aimed at presenting the characteristics and abilities of and , which can drive a global public health risk, and suggests strategies for prevention and control. This review presents the geographic range, reproduction and ecology, vector competence, genetic evolution, and biological and chemical control of these two mosquito species and how they have changed and developed over time combined with factors that may drive pandemics and mitigation measures. We suggest that more efforts should be geared toward the development of a concerted multidisciplinary approach.
两种蚊子（ 和 ）是新兴虫媒病毒的主要传播媒介，这些病毒对全球公共卫生和经济负担构成重大威胁。这些媒介和相关虫媒病毒（如登革热病毒、基孔肯雅热病毒、黄热病病毒和寨卡病毒）的分布长期受到地理、生态和生物因素的限制。目前，虫媒病毒的出现和传播速度更快，地域分布更广，这主要是由于这两种蚊子的分布范围扩大，利用了全球交通网络、土地扰动和未能控制蚊群，以及增强了媒介的适应能力。 和 也可能由于节肢动物适应城市化而无需依赖其自然森林循环来维持人与人之间的传播。目前，没有单一的策略足以控制这些媒介，特别是在管理虫媒病毒爆发时。 本综述旨在介绍 和 这两种蚊子的特征和能力，它们可能会带来全球公共卫生风险，并提出预防和控制的策略。 本综述介绍了这两种蚊子的地理范围、繁殖和生态、媒介效能、遗传进化、生物和化学控制，以及它们随着时间的推移如何发生变化和发展，以及可能导致大流行的因素和缓解措施。 我们建议，应加大力度制定协调一致的多学科方法。
