Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Liver Int. 2022 Feb;42(2):363-373. doi: 10.1111/liv.15098. Epub 2021 Nov 17.
Primary bile acids (BAs) are synthesized in the liver and secondary BAs result from intestinal microbial activity. Different subtypes of BAs may be involved in regulating adiposity and energy homeostasis. We examined how changes in circulating BA subtypes induced by weight-loss diets were associated with improvements in adiposity, regional fat deposition and energy metabolism among overweight and obese adults.
The study included 551 subjects who participated in a 2-year weight-loss diet intervention trial. Circulating 14 BA subtypes (primary and secondary unconjugated BAs and their taurine-/glycine-conjugates) were measured at baseline and 6 months. Associations of changes in BAs with changes in weight, waist circumference, resting energy expenditure (REE), body fat composition and fat distribution were evaluated.
Greater decreases in primary BAs (cholate and chenodeoxycholate) and secondary BAs (deoxycholate and lithocholate) and their conjugates (except for glycolithocholate) were associated with more decreases in weight and waist circumference at 6 months (P [P ] < .05). We found that changes in glycocholate and glycoursodeoxycholate were consistently associated with reductions of general and central adiposity, REE, whole-body fat and visceral adipose tissue (P < .05). Further, the initial (6-month) changes in BA subtypes were differently predictive of successful weight loss over 2 years.
The decreases in primary and secondary BA subtypes after eating low-calorie weight-loss diets were significantly associated with improving adiposity, fat accumulation and energy metabolism, suggesting that specific BA subtypes would be predictive of long-term successful weight loss and individuals' response to the treatment of weight-loss diets.
初级胆汁酸（BAs）在肝脏中合成，次级 BAs 则来源于肠道微生物活性。不同类型的 BAs 可能参与调节脂肪含量和能量稳态。我们研究了体重减轻饮食引起的循环 BA 亚型变化如何与超重和肥胖成年人的脂肪含量改善、局部脂肪沉积和能量代谢有关。
本研究纳入了 551 名参加为期 2 年的减肥饮食干预试验的受试者。在基线和 6 个月时测量了 14 种循环 BA 亚型（初级和次级非结合型 BAs 及其牛磺酸/甘氨酸结合物）。评估了 BA 变化与体重、腰围、静息能量消耗（REE）、体脂肪组成和脂肪分布变化之间的关联。
初级 BAs（胆酸和鹅脱氧胆酸）和次级 BAs（脱氧胆酸和石胆酸）及其共轭物（除甘氨石胆酸外）的下降幅度越大，6 个月时体重和腰围的下降幅度越大（P [P ] ＜0.05）。我们发现，甘氨胆酸和甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸的变化与一般和中心性肥胖、REE、全身脂肪和内脏脂肪组织的减少呈一致相关（P ＜0.05）。此外，BA 亚型的初始（6 个月）变化可预测 2 年内减肥的成功。
低热量减肥饮食后初级和次级 BA 亚型的减少与改善脂肪含量、脂肪堆积和能量代谢显著相关，表明特定的 BA 亚型可能预测长期成功减肥和个体对减肥饮食治疗的反应。
