Gomes de Macedo Bacurau Aldiane, Sato Ana Paula Sayuri, Francisco Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo
Department of Collective Health, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2021 Nov 8;16(11):e0259640. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259640. eCollection 2021.
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of non-vaccination and the reasons for nonadherence to the influenza vaccine among older Brazilians according to sociodemographic characteristics. A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from older people (≥ 60 years of age; n = 23,815) who participated in the 2013 National Health Survey. Frequencies of non-vaccination and the main reasons for nonadherence were calculated with respective 95% confidence intervals. The prevalence of non-vaccination was 26.9% (approximately 7,106,730 older people). The reason rarely gets the flu was the most cited among the men (28.2%), the 60-to-69-year-old age group (29.6%), individuals with higher education (41.9%), and those with health insurance (32.3%). Fear of a reaction was the most cited reason in the northeastern region (25.4%), among women (29.3%), longer-lived individuals (≥70 years; 28.7%), and those who did not know how to read/write (26.7%). A total of 12.1% reported not believing in the vaccine's protection, and 5.5% did not know that it was necessary to take vaccine. The proportions of the main reasons for non-vaccination varied by sociodemographic characteristics. This study's findings highlight the need to increase older people's knowledge regarding influenza and influenza vaccines. Healthcare providers should be encouraged to counsel older people-especially those in subgroups with lower adherence, such as residents in the Northeast region, those aged 60-69 years, those who do not know how to read/write, those without a spouse/companion, and those without health insurance-regarding the different aspects of the vaccine and formally indicate it for groups at risk.
本研究旨在根据社会人口学特征，估算巴西老年人中未接种疫苗的流行情况以及不坚持接种流感疫苗的原因。对参与2013年全国健康调查的老年人（≥60岁；n = 23,815）的数据进行了横断面研究。计算了未接种疫苗的频率以及不坚持接种的主要原因，并给出各自的95%置信区间。未接种疫苗的流行率为26.9%（约7,106,730名老年人）。在男性（28.2%）、60至69岁年龄组（29.6%）、受过高等教育的个体（41.9%）以及有医疗保险的人群（32.3%）中，最常提及的原因是很少患流感。在东北地区（25.4%）、女性（29.3%）、长寿个体（≥70岁；28.7%）以及不识字/不会写字的人群（26.7%）中，最常提及的原因是害怕出现不良反应。共有12.1%的人表示不相信疫苗的保护作用，5.5%的人不知道有必要接种疫苗。不接种疫苗的主要原因比例因社会人口学特征而异。本研究结果凸显了提高老年人对流感和流感疫苗认识的必要性。应鼓励医疗服务提供者就疫苗的不同方面向老年人提供咨询，尤其是那些依从性较低的亚组人群，如东北地区的居民、60至69岁的人群、不识字/不会写字的人群、没有配偶/伴侣的人群以及没有医疗保险的人群，并正式为高危人群推荐接种疫苗。
