Postgraduate Program of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
Study Group and Research in Neuromuscular Responses, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil.
Int J Sports Med. 2022 Apr;43(4):305-316. doi: 10.1055/a-1559-3623. Epub 2021 Nov 8.
Training-intensity distribution (TID) is considered the key factor to optimize performance in endurance sports. This systematic review aimed to: I) characterize the TID typically used by middle-and long-distance runners; II) compare the effect of different types of TID on endurance performance and its physiological determinants; III) determine the extent to which different TID quantification methods can calculate same TID outcomes from a given training program. The keywords and search strategy identified 20 articles in the research databases. These articles demonstrated differences in the quantification of the different training-intensity zones among quantification methods (i. e. session-rating of perceived exertion, heart rate, blood lactate, race pace, and running speed). The studies that used greater volumes of low-intensity training such as those characterized by pyramidal and polarized TID approaches, reported greater improvements in endurance performance than those which used a threshold TID. Thus, it seems that the combination of high-volume at low-intensity (≥ 70% of overall training volume) and low-volume at threshold and high-intensity interval training (≤ 30%) is necessary to optimize endurance training adaptations in middle-and long-distance runners. Moreover, monitoring training via multiple mechanisms that systematically encompasses objective and subjective TID quantification methods can help coaches/researches to make better decisions.
训练强度分布（TID）被认为是优化耐力运动表现的关键因素。本系统综述旨在：I）描述中长跑运动员常用的 TID；II）比较不同 TID 类型对耐力表现及其生理决定因素的影响；III）确定不同 TID 量化方法在多大程度上可以从给定的训练计划中计算出相同的 TID 结果。关键词和搜索策略在研究数据库中确定了 20 篇文章。这些文章表明，不同的量化方法之间存在不同训练强度区的量化差异（即，会话感知用力评分、心率、血乳酸、比赛配速和跑步速度）。使用较多低强度训练量的研究，如金字塔型和极化 TID 方法所描述的，报告的耐力表现改善大于那些使用阈值 TID 的研究。因此，似乎高强度间歇训练（≤ 30%）与低强度（≥ 70%的总训练量）和阈值高的高强度间歇训练相结合是优化中长跑运动员耐力训练适应的必要条件。此外，通过系统地包含客观和主观 TID 量化方法的多种机制来监测训练，可以帮助教练/研究人员做出更好的决策。
