Department of Neurology, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany.
Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
J Neuroinflammation. 2021 Nov 8;18(1):260. doi: 10.1186/s12974-021-02310-z.
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is an inflammatory brain disease which is frequently associated with antibodies (Abs) against cell-surface, synaptic or intracellular neuronal proteins. There is increasing evidence that dendritic cells (DCs) are implicated as key modulators in keeping the balance between immune response and tolerance in the CNS. Migratory features of DCs to and from the brain are linked to initiating and maintaining of neuroinflammation. Genetic polymorphisms together with other triggers such as systemic or cerebral viral infection, or systemic malignancies could contribute to the dysbalance of "regulatory" and "encephalitogenic" DCs with subsequent dysregulated T and B cell reactions in AE. Novel in vivo models with implantation of mature DCs containing neuronal antigens could help to study the pathogenesis and perhaps to understand the origin of AE. Investigations of DCs in human blood, lymphoid tissues, CSF, and brain parenchyma of patients with AE are necessary to deepen our knowledge about the complex interactions between DCs, T and B cells during neuroinflammation in AE. This can support developing new therapy strategies.
自身免疫性脑炎 (AE) 是一种炎症性脑疾病，常与针对细胞表面、突触或细胞内神经元蛋白的抗体 (Abs) 有关。越来越多的证据表明，树突状细胞 (DCs) 作为中枢神经系统中免疫反应和耐受之间平衡的关键调节剂而被牵涉其中。DCs 向脑内和从脑内迁移的特征与神经炎症的启动和维持有关。遗传多态性以及其他触发因素，如全身或脑病毒感染或全身恶性肿瘤，可能导致“调节性”和“致脑炎性”DCs 的失衡，随后在 AE 中导致 T 和 B 细胞反应失调。含有神经元抗原的成熟 DCs 的体内植入新模型有助于研究发病机制，并可能有助于了解 AE 的起源。对 AE 患者血液、淋巴组织、CSF 和脑实质中的 DCs 进行研究，对于深入了解 AE 中神经炎症期间 DCs、T 和 B 细胞之间的复杂相互作用是必要的。这可以支持开发新的治疗策略。
