School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Rd, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
BMC Psychol. 2021 Nov 8;9(1):176. doi: 10.1186/s40359-021-00680-w.
Globally, promoting mental health and well-being among adolescents has become a public health priority, especially for adolescents living with a physical chronic condition (CC), as research suggests they may be more at risk of developing mental health co-morbidities. Valid and reliable instruments are needed to measure and better understand mental health and mental well-being among adolescents living with a CC. To this end, we reviewed studies reporting on mental health and well-being instruments used in adolescent populations living with a chronic physical condition/disease globally.
We used a systematic review method guided by PRISMA to identify assess mental health and mental well-being instruments used in adolescents living with a CC. In this instance, mental health instruments were defined as those representing negative domains of mental health (i.e. depression and anxiety) while mental well-being instruments included positive aspects of mental health (i.e. self-concept and resilience).
We identified 22 articles, which included 31 instruments that were used to measure either mental health (n = 8) or mental well-being (n = 15) or both (n = 8) in adolescents living with a CC. Of these, thirteen studies used a Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) scale to measure mental health and/or mental well-being. The KIDSCREEN questionnaires and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were identified as being frequently used across the 22 studies. Additionally, 7 out of the 31 instruments were disease specific, with 3 focusing on adolescents with diabetes. All the instruments were developed in high income countries and adapted for use in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes (n = 7) and HIV (n = 4) were researched in 11 out of 22 studies. Only eight studies were conducted in LMIC, of which four were in Africa.
HRQoL instruments are useful in measuring mental health and well-being in adolescents living with a CC. However, relatively few valid measures of mental health and mental well-being for adolescents living with a CC exist, which accentuates the paucity of research on mental health and mental well-being of adolescents who are living with a CC. Specific measures need to be developed in and for LMICs where cultural contexts affect mental well-being in unique ways. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020186707.
在全球范围内，促进青少年的心理健康和幸福感已成为公共卫生的重点，尤其是对于患有身体慢性疾病（CC）的青少年，因为研究表明他们可能更容易出现心理健康共病。需要有效的和可靠的工具来衡量和更好地了解患有 CC 的青少年的心理健康和心理幸福感。为此，我们综述了全球范围内报告用于患有慢性身体疾病/疾病的青少年人群的心理健康和幸福感工具的研究。
我们使用 PRISMA 指导的系统评价方法来确定评估患有 CC 的青少年使用的心理健康和心理幸福感工具。在这种情况下，心理健康工具被定义为代表心理健康负面领域的工具（即抑郁和焦虑），而心理幸福感工具则包括心理健康的积极方面（即自我概念和韧性）。
我们确定了 22 篇文章，其中包括 31 种工具，这些工具用于测量患有 CC 的青少年的心理健康（n=8）或心理幸福感（n=15）或两者（n=8）。其中，13 项研究使用健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）量表来衡量心理健康和/或心理幸福感。KIDSCREEN 问卷和强项和困难问卷被确定为在 22 项研究中经常使用。此外，31 种工具中有 7 种是针对特定疾病的，其中 3 种针对糖尿病青少年。所有工具均在高收入国家开发，并针对中低收入国家（LMICs）进行了改编。在 22 项研究中有 11 项研究了 1 型糖尿病（n=7）和 HIV（n=4）青少年。只有 8 项研究在 LMIC 进行，其中 4 项在非洲。
HRQoL 工具可用于衡量患有 CC 的青少年的心理健康和幸福感。然而，用于患有 CC 的青少年的心理健康和心理幸福感的有效衡量工具相对较少，这突出表明，在患有 CC 的青少年的心理健康和心理幸福感方面，研究还很缺乏。需要在中低收入国家开发并针对这些国家的文化背景，因为这些背景会以独特的方式影响心理幸福感。系统评价注册：PROSPERO CRD42020186707。
