Zhang Yuhua, Zhang Weiwei, Huang Jie, Zhong Xianwu, Liu Yufei, Chen Kuncai
Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2021 Sep;50(5):832-836. doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2021.05.021.
To investigate lead contamination in commercial foods in Guangzhou City, and to assess the health risk of dietary lead exposure in the residents.
Food samples were collected in 11 districts in Guangzhou City from 2017 to 2019.The samples were tested for lead by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The dietary exposure to lead of residents of different age groups in Guangzhou was calculated in combination with the intake of foods from the food consumption survey of Guangzhou residents in 2011, and the margin of exposure(MOE) method was used to evaluate the health risk of the population.
A todal of 3130 food samples of 15 categories were collected. The overall lead detection rate was 82.11%, the exceeding rate was 0.13%, and the average lead content was 0.031 mg/kg. The highest lead levels were found in bivalve, edible fungi and flour and flour products. Excessive levels of lead were found in bivalve, eggs and egg products, and flour and flour products. The average daily dietary intake of lead in people aged 3-6, 7-17, 18-59 and over 60 in Guangzhou were 0.368, 0.377, 0.326 and 0.337 μg/kg, respectively. Daily lead exposure of population with high consumption(P95) in various age groups through foods were 1.091, 1.079, 0.906 and 0.925 μg/kg, respectively. Brassica and leafy vegetables, rice and its products and meat were the main sources of dietary lead exposure, accounting for 53.28% of the total dietary lead exposure. The average MOE of lead in all age groups were greater than 1, but the P95 of MOE value of people aged 3-6 and 7-17 were 0.55 and 0.56, respectively, which presented certain health risks.
There was a certain amount of lead exceeding the standard in commercial foods in Guangzhou. The average level of dietary lead exposure for residents of all ages posed a low risk to population health, but the dietary lead exposure risk of high-food consumers aged 3-6 and 7-17 posed certain health risks that deserve significant attention.
调查广州市市售食品中的铅污染情况，并评估居民膳食铅暴露的健康风险。
于2017年至2019年在广州市11个区采集食品样本。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测样本中的铅含量。结合2011年广州市居民食物消费量调查的食物摄入量，计算广州市不同年龄组居民的膳食铅暴露量，并采用暴露边际（MOE）法评估人群的健康风险。
共采集15类3130份食品样本。总体铅检出率为82.11%，超标率为0.13%，平均铅含量为0.031mg/kg。双壳贝类、食用菌类以及面粉和面粉制品中的铅含量最高。双壳贝类、蛋类和蛋制品以及面粉和面粉制品中存在铅超标情况。广州市3 - 6岁、7 - 17岁、18 - 59岁和60岁以上人群的每日膳食铅平均摄入量分别为0.368、0.377、0.326和0.337μg/kg。各年龄组高消费量人群（P95）通过食物的每日铅暴露量分别为1.091、1.079、0.906和0.925μg/kg。十字花科蔬菜和叶菜类、大米及其制品以及肉类是膳食铅暴露的主要来源，占膳食铅暴露总量的53.28%。各年龄组铅的平均MOE均大于1，但3 - 6岁和7 - 17岁人群MOE值的P95分别为0.55和0.56，存在一定健康风险。
广州市市售食品存在一定量铅超标情况。各年龄段居民膳食铅暴露平均水平对人群健康风险较低，但3 - 6岁和7 - 17岁高食物消费量人群的膳食铅暴露风险存在一定健康风险，值得高度关注。
