Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network-Mount Sinai Hospital-Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Department of Adult Radiology, Paris University and Necker University Hospital, Paris, France.
Br J Radiol. 2022 Mar 1;95(1131):20210633. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20210633. Epub 2021 Nov 9.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer diagnosed in males. Traditional tools for screening and diagnosis, such as prostate-specific antigen, digital rectal examination and conventional transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), present low accuracy for PCa detection. Multiparametric MRI has become a game changer in the PCa diagnosis pathway and MRI-targeted biopsies are currently recommended for males at risk of clinically significant PCa, even in biopsy-naïve patients. Recent advances in ultrasound have also emerged with the goal to provide a readily accessible and cost-effective tool for detection of PCa. These newer techniques include elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound, as well as improved B-mode and Doppler techniques. These modalities can be combined to define a novel ultrasound approach, multiparametric ultrasound. High frequency Micro-ultrasound has emerged as a promising imaging technology for PCa diagnosis. Initial results have shown high sensitivity of Micro-ultrasound in detecting PCa in addition to its potential in improving the accuracy of targeted biopsies, based on targeting under real-time visualization, rather than relying on cognitive/fusion software MRI-transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy.
前列腺癌（PCa）是男性最常见的非皮肤癌。传统的筛查和诊断工具，如前列腺特异性抗原、直肠指检和传统经直肠超声（TRUS），对 PCa 的检测准确性较低。多参数 MRI 已成为 PCa 诊断途径的重大变革，目前推荐对有临床意义的 PCa 风险的男性进行 MRI 靶向活检，即使是在初次活检阴性的患者中。最近，超声领域也取得了一些进展，其目的是提供一种易于获取且具有成本效益的 PCa 检测工具。这些新技术包括弹性成像和对比增强超声，以及改进的 B 模式和多普勒技术。这些模式可以结合起来定义一种新的超声方法，即多参数超声。高频微超声已成为一种有前途的 PCa 诊断成像技术。初步结果表明，微超声在检测 PCa 方面具有很高的灵敏度，除了能够提高靶向活检的准确性之外，它还有可能基于实时可视化靶向，而不是依赖于认知/融合软件 MRI-经直肠超声引导活检。
