Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, and Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
Adv Mater. 2022 Mar;34(10):e2107192. doi: 10.1002/adma.202107192. Epub 2022 Jan 28.
Traditionally, organic chemical reactions require organic solvents, toxic catalysts, heat, or high pressure. However, copper-free click chemistry has been shown to have favorable reaction rates and orthogonality in water, buffer solutions, and physiological conditions without toxic catalysts. Strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition and inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reactions are representative of copper-free click chemistry. Artificial chemical reactions via click chemistry can also be used outside of the laboratory in a controllable manner on live cell surfaces, in the cytosol, and in living bodies. Consequently, copper-free click chemistry has many features that are of interest in biomedical research, and various new materials and strategies for its use have been proposed. Herein, recent remarkable trials that have used copper-free click chemistry are described, focusing on their applications in molecular imaging and therapy. The research is categorized as nanoparticles for drug delivery, imaging agents for cell tracking, and hydrogels for tissue engineering, which are rapidly advancing fields based on click chemistry. The content is based primarily on the experience with click chemistry-based biomaterials over the last 10 years.
传统上，有机化学反应需要有机溶剂、有毒催化剂、加热或高压。然而，无铜点击化学已被证明在水、缓冲溶液和生理条件下具有有利的反应速率和正交性，而无需有毒催化剂。应变促进的叠氮化物-炔烃环加成和逆电子需求 Diels-Alder 反应是无铜点击化学的代表。通过点击化学进行的人工化学反应也可以在实验室外以可控的方式在活细胞表面、胞质溶胶和活体中进行。因此，无铜点击化学具有许多在生物医学研究中感兴趣的特性，并且已经提出了各种用于该目的的新材料和策略。本文主要介绍了最近使用无铜点击化学的显著尝试，重点介绍了它们在分子成像和治疗中的应用。该研究分为用于药物输送的纳米粒子、用于细胞跟踪的成像剂和用于组织工程的水凝胶，这些都是基于点击化学的快速发展领域。内容主要基于过去 10 年基于点击化学的生物材料的经验。
