胎盘介导的围产期脑损伤机制：炎症和外泌体的演变。
Placental mediated mechanisms of perinatal brain injury: Evolving inflammation and exosomes.
机构信息
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
出版信息
Exp Neurol. 2022 Jan;347:113914. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113914. Epub 2021 Nov 6.
Pregnancy is an inflammatory process that is carefully regulated by the placenta via immunomodulation and cell-to-cell communication of maternal and fetal tissues. Exosomes, types of extracellular vesicles, facilitate the intercellular communication and traffic biologically modifying cargo within the maternal-placental-fetal axis in normal and pathologic pregnancies. Chorioamnionitis is characterized by inflammation of chorioamniotic membranes that produces systemic maternal and fetal inflammatory responses of cytokine dysregulation and has been associated with brain injury and neurodevelopmental disorders. This review focuses on how pathologic placental exosomes propagate acute and chronic inflammation leading to brain injury. The evidence reviewed here highlights the need to investigate exosomes from pathologic pregnancies and those with known brain injury to identify new diagnostics, biomarkers, and potential therapeutic targets.
妊娠是一种炎症过程，胎盘通过免疫调节和母胎组织的细胞间通讯来精细调控。外泌体是细胞外囊泡的一种类型，可促进母胎轴内细胞间通讯和生物修饰物质的运输。正常和病理性妊娠中，外泌体可调节母胎组织间的信号传递。绒毛膜羊膜炎的特征为绒毛膜和羊膜炎症，导致全身的母体和胎儿细胞因子失调的炎症反应，并与脑损伤和神经发育障碍相关。本综述重点关注病理性胎盘外泌体如何引发急性和慢性炎症，从而导致脑损伤。本综述中的证据强调了有必要研究病理性妊娠和已知有脑损伤的妊娠中的外泌体，以鉴定新的诊断、生物标志物和潜在治疗靶点。
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