Arias Jonathan, Scott Kyle W, Zaldivar J R, Trumbull Denslow A, Sharma Blanka, Allen Kyle, Gravenstein Nikolaus
Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA.
Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA.
Cureus. 2021 Oct 5;13(10):e18498. doi: 10.7759/cureus.18498. eCollection 2021 Oct.
Innovation and entrepreneurship (I&E) programs in medical education have become available as medical schools recognize the need to train forward-thinking physicians. There is considerable diversity in the design and implementation of these curricula, which represents a challenge and possibly serves as a deterrent for the development of additional I&E programs. A comprehensive search of medical school I&E programs and review of all Association of American Medical Colleges member websites (n = 171) were conducted. This review sought to (1) identify all American and Canadian allopathic medical schools with I&E curricula, (2) evaluate their structure/integration in the context of medical education, (3) outline core learning themes, and (4) describe the evaluative metrics. Information was collected through published or publicly available websites and through a questionnaire sent to identified I&E program leaders. Twenty-eight I&E-oriented medical education programs were identified from 26 schools; all of the programs integrated faculty leadership with backgrounds in medicine, engineering, and/or business/entrepreneurship. Of the programs, 57% (16/28) had been launched within the past four years and 75% (21/28) based program enrollment on a selective application process. Nearly all (27/28) incorporated lecture series and/or hands-on modules as a teaching technique. The most prevalent metric was completion of a capstone project (22/28; 79%). At least 15.2% (26/171) of American and Canadian allopathic medical schools include the option for students to participate in an I&E curriculum-based program. This review can be used to help medical school faculty with developing I&E curricula.
随着医学院校认识到培养具有前瞻性思维的医生的必要性，医学教育中的创新创业（I&E）项目应运而生。这些课程在设计和实施上存在很大差异，这既是一个挑战，也可能阻碍了更多I&E项目的发展。我们对医学院校的I&E项目进行了全面搜索，并对美国医学院协会所有成员院校网站（n = 171）进行了审查。本综述旨在：（1）识别所有开设I&E课程的美国和加拿大的opathic医学院校；（2）在医学教育背景下评估其结构/整合情况；（3）概述核心学习主题；（4）描述评估指标。我们通过已发表或公开的网站以及向已识别的I&E项目负责人发送问卷来收集信息。从26所学校中识别出28个以I&E为导向的医学教育项目；所有项目都整合了具有医学、工程和/或商业/创业背景的教师领导力。在这些项目中，57%（16/28）是在过去四年内启动的，75%（21/28）的项目招生基于选拔申请流程。几乎所有项目（27/28）都采用讲座系列和/或实践模块作为教学方法。最普遍的评估指标是完成一个顶点项目（22/28；79%）。至少15.2%（26/171）的美国和加拿大opathic医学院校为学生提供了参与基于I&E课程的项目的选择。本综述可用于帮助医学院校教师开发I&E课程。
