Pandey Anchala, Yadav Pooja, Shukla Sanjeev
Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Biochem Biophys Rep. 2021 Oct 26;28:101158. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101158. eCollection 2021 Dec.
Autophagy is considered an indispensable process that scavenges toxins, recycles complex macromolecules, and sustains the essential cellular functions. In addition to its housekeeping role, autophagy plays a substantial role in many pathophysiological processes such as cancer. Certainly, it adapts cancer cells to thrive in the stress conditions such as hypoxia and starvation. Cancer cells indeed have also evolved by exploiting the autophagy process to fulfill energy requirements through the production of metabolic fuel sources and fundamentally altered metabolic pathways. Occasionally autophagy as a foe impedes tumorigenesis and promotes cell death. The complex role of autophagy in cancer makes it a potent therapeutic target and has been actively tested in clinical trials. Moreover, the versatility of autophagy has opened new avenues of effective combinatorial therapeutic strategies. Thereby, it is imperative to comprehend the specificity of autophagy in cancer-metabolism. This review summarizes the recent research and conceptual framework on the regulation of autophagy by various metabolic pathways, enzymes, and their cross-talk in the cancer milieu, including the implementation of altered metabolism and autophagy in clinically approved and experimental therapeutics.
自噬被认为是一个不可或缺的过程，它能清除毒素、循环利用复杂的大分子，并维持细胞的基本功能。除了其维持细胞内环境稳定的作用外，自噬在许多病理生理过程（如癌症）中也发挥着重要作用。当然，它使癌细胞能够在缺氧和饥饿等应激条件下茁壮成长。癌细胞确实也通过利用自噬过程来产生代谢燃料源以满足能量需求，并从根本上改变代谢途径而得以进化。偶尔，自噬作为“敌人”会阻碍肿瘤发生并促进细胞死亡。自噬在癌症中的复杂作用使其成为一个有力的治疗靶点，并已在临床试验中得到积极验证。此外，自噬的多功能性开辟了有效的联合治疗策略的新途径。因此，理解自噬在癌症代谢中的特异性至关重要。本综述总结了关于各种代谢途径、酶对自噬的调节及其在癌症环境中的相互作用的最新研究和概念框架，包括代谢改变和自噬在临床批准的和实验性治疗中的应用。
