Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America.
Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America.
J Subst Abuse Treat. 2022 Jan;132:108650. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108650. Epub 2021 Oct 29.
This work builds on a small body of literature that explores core processes in psychotherapy, behavior change, and evidence-based alcohol or other drug (AOD) therapies. Here, this paper discusses two separate but dependent processes. The research team defines goal setting and goal monitoring as collaborative processes where clinicians and clients identify and formulate therapeutic goals; actionable objectives; and revisit, measure, and renegotiate these plans via a standardized procedure over time.
Study methods included a literature review and qualitative content analysis to derive a set of principles and practices of goal setting and monitoring. The research team used source documents (i.e., literature reviews, therapy manuals, and government-issued practice guidelines) and videos (i.e., therapy demonstration videos), and we performed analyses in NVIVO.
The study identified ten principles and 32 practices. The principles suggest that goal setting and monitoring can be characterized as a collaborative, explicit, and standardized approach to engaging in goal-directed therapeutic work. The term goal-directed therapeutic work connotes a shift toward a more accountable frame for care than has been previously emphasized in the literature. The identified practices were organized into five sub-themes related to goal setting (10 practices), goal monitoring (10 practices), as well as practices specific to mechanisms of goal pursuit and behavior change. These practices involved ways to attend to client self-determination (4 practices), motivation (4 practices), and self-efficacy (4 practices).
Goal setting and monitoring are a collaborative means of mapping and tracking a course of mutually accountable treatment. The current work is a novel resource for trainees, clinicians, and clinical supervisors interested in care based on evidence-based principles and practices of AOD and other behavior change therapies.
本研究以探索心理治疗、行为改变以及基于证据的酒精或其他药物（AOD）治疗核心过程的少量文献为基础。本文讨论了两个独立但相关的过程。研究团队将目标设定和目标监测定义为协作过程，临床医生和患者通过标准化程序识别和制定治疗目标、可操作目标，并随着时间的推移重新审视、衡量和重新协商这些计划。
研究方法包括文献回顾和定性内容分析，以得出一套目标设定和监测的原则和实践。研究团队使用了源文件（即文献综述、治疗手册和政府发布的实践指南）和视频（即治疗示范视频），并在 NVIVO 中进行了分析。
研究确定了十个原则和三十二个实践。这些原则表明，目标设定和监测可以被描述为一种协作、明确和标准化的方法，用于开展以目标为导向的治疗工作。目标导向治疗工作的概念意味着向一种更负责任的护理框架转变，这在之前的文献中没有得到强调。确定的实践分为五个子主题，包括目标设定（10 个实践）、目标监测（10 个实践），以及与目标追求和行为改变机制相关的实践。这些实践涉及关注患者自我决定（4 个实践）、动机（4 个实践）和自我效能（4 个实践）的方法。
目标设定和监测是一种协作的方法，可以规划和跟踪相互负责的治疗过程。本研究为对基于 AOD 和其他行为改变治疗的循证原则和实践的治疗感兴趣的学员、临床医生和临床主管提供了一个新颖的资源。
