Waddell Jack T, King Scott E, Corbin William R, Treat Teresa A, Witkiewitz Katie, Viken Richard J
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2025 Mar;86(2):177-185. doi: 10.15288/jsad.24-00003. Epub 2024 Nov 26.
Personalized normative feedback interventions show efficacy in reducing health risk behaviors (e.g., alcohol use, sexual aggression). However, complex personalized normative feedback interventions may require manual methods of inputting participant data into graphics, which introduces error, and automated approaches require substantial technical costs and funding and may limit the types of feedback that can be provided.
To make personalized normative feedback more accessible, we outline a method of using easily accessible software programs, including IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Microsoft Excel, and Microsoft PowerPoint, to create and display complex personalized normative feedback graphics. We also describe methods through which personalized normative feedback graphics can be created within a larger preventive intervention for alcohol and sexual assault in college men.
We first provide step-by-step instructions for collecting data and then creating semi-automated syntax files within SPSS and Excel to merge participant data into complex personalized normative feedback graphics in Excel. To do so, we append annotated syntax in text and supplemental material. Next, we outline the process of creating risk feedback graphics, whereby individual items or the exact wording of items are displayed back to the participant. Finally, we provide guidance regarding the process of translating graphics from Excel for viewing via PowerPoint without having to manually update PowerPoint slides for each presentation.
Via the described syntax and graphic generation, researchers are then able to create semi-automated personalized normative feedback and risk feedback graphics. This tutorial may help increase the dissemination of complex personalized normative feedback interventions.
个性化规范反馈干预在减少健康风险行为（如饮酒、性侵犯）方面显示出有效性。然而，复杂的个性化规范反馈干预可能需要手动将参与者数据输入图表的方法，这会引入误差，而自动化方法需要大量的技术成本和资金，并且可能会限制可提供的反馈类型。
为了使个性化规范反馈更容易获得，我们概述了一种使用易于获取的软件程序的方法，包括IBM社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）、Microsoft Excel和Microsoft PowerPoint，来创建和显示复杂的个性化规范反馈图表。我们还描述了在针对大学男性的酒精和性侵犯的更大规模预防干预中创建个性化规范反馈图表的方法。
我们首先提供收集数据的分步说明，然后在SPSS和Excel中创建半自动语法文件，以将参与者数据合并到Excel中的复杂个性化规范反馈图表中。为此，我们在文本和补充材料中附加了带注释的语法。接下来，我们概述创建风险反馈图表的过程，即向参与者显示单个项目或项目的确切措辞。最后，我们提供有关将Excel中的图表转换为通过PowerPoint查看的过程的指导，而无需为每次演示手动更新PowerPoint幻灯片。
通过所描述的语法和图形生成，研究人员能够创建半自动个性化规范反馈和风险反馈图表。本教程可能有助于增加复杂的个性化规范反馈干预的传播。
