Poon Kean, Ho Mimi S H, Wang Li-Chih
Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Department of Special Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Front Psychol. 2021 Oct 25;12:718112. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.718112. eCollection 2021.
Although evidence has shown that both RD and ADHD-I children suffer from working memory problems, inconsistencies in impaired modalities have been reported. This study aimed to (1) compare the three WM domains (i.e., verbal WM, visual-spatial WM, and behavioral WM) among pure ADHD-I, pure RD, comorbid ADHD-I+RD, and typical control groups and (2) examine the impact of comorbidity on the three WM domains. A Chinese sample of participants from Hong Kong included 29 children in the ADHD-I group, 78 children in the RD group, 31 children in the comorbid group (ADHD-I+RD), and 64 children in the TD control group. All participants completed the assessments individually. The findings showed that the children with ADHD-I and/or RD exhibited diverse cognitive profiles. In particular, RD was associated with verbal and visual-spatial working memory deficits, while ADHD-I was associated with behavioral working memory deficits. Interestingly, the comorbid condition demonstrated additive deficits of the two disorders but with greater deficits in behavioral working memory. These findings support the cognitive subtype hypothesis and provide a clearer picture of the distinctive working memory profiles of different groups, allowing for the development of intervention programs in the future.
尽管有证据表明阅读障碍（RD）儿童和注意缺陷多动障碍-冲动型（ADHD-I）儿童都存在工作记忆问题，但关于受损模式的不一致情况也有报道。本研究旨在：（1）比较单纯ADHD-I、单纯RD、共病ADHD-I+RD和典型对照组儿童在三个工作记忆领域（即言语工作记忆、视觉空间工作记忆和行为工作记忆）的表现；（2）研究共病对这三个工作记忆领域的影响。来自中国香港的样本包括29名ADHD-I组儿童、78名RD组儿童、31名共病组（ADHD-I+RD）儿童和64名发育正常对照组儿童。所有参与者均单独完成评估。研究结果表明，患有ADHD-I和/或RD的儿童表现出不同的认知特征。具体而言，RD与言语和视觉空间工作记忆缺陷相关，而ADHD-I与行为工作记忆缺陷相关。有趣的是，共病情况显示出两种障碍的累加性缺陷，但行为工作记忆方面的缺陷更大。这些发现支持了认知亚型假说，并更清晰地描绘了不同组独特的工作记忆特征，为未来制定干预方案提供了依据。
