Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC/UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 3;22(21):11939. doi: 10.3390/ijms222111939.
Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that controls cellular defense responses against toxic and oxidative stress by modulating the expression of genes involved in antioxidant response and drug detoxification. In addition to maintaining redox homeostasis, Nrf2 is also involved in various cellular processes including metabolism and inflammation. Nrf2 activity is tightly regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels, which allows cells to quickly respond to pathological stress. In the present review, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of Nrf2. We also focus on the impact of Nrf2 in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, a condition that stimulates the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Finally, we analyze the protective effect of several natural and synthetic compounds that induce Nrf2 activation and protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart and other organs, and their potential clinical application.
核因子红细胞 2 相关因子 2（Nrf2）是一种转录因子，通过调节参与抗氧化反应和药物解毒的基因的表达，控制细胞对毒性和氧化应激的防御反应。除了维持氧化还原稳态外，Nrf2 还参与包括代谢和炎症在内的各种细胞过程。Nrf2 的活性在转录、转录后和翻译后水平受到严格调控，这使得细胞能够快速应对病理应激。在本综述中，我们描述了 Nrf2 转录调控的分子机制。我们还重点介绍了 Nrf2 在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用，这种情况会刺激活性氧的过度产生。最后，我们分析了几种诱导 Nrf2 激活并保护心脏和其他器官免受缺血再灌注损伤的天然和合成化合物的保护作用，以及它们的潜在临床应用。
