Pereira Henrique, Fehér Gergely, Tibold Antal, Monteiro Samuel, Costa Vítor, Esgalhado Graça
Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal.
Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 27;18(21):11290. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111290.
The analysis of the impact of shift work on occupational health still needs further contributions. Therefore, we developed this research with the purpose of assessing the impact of shift work on occupational health indicators, namely burnout, work-engagement, occupational self-efficacy, and mental health functioning (symptoms of depression and anxiety), by comparing workers who did shift work (44.2% of participants) with workers who did not (55.8% of participants). A total of 695 Portuguese professionally active adults between 18 and 73 years of age ( = 37.71; = 12.64) participated in this study and completed a survey containing a sociodemographic questionnaire and four occupational health measures: The Burnout Assessment Tool, The Work-Engagement questionnaire (UWES), The Occupational Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and the BSI-18 for mental health symptoms. Results showed statistically significant differences ( < 0.05) for all indicators, demonstrating that participants who worked shifts presented lower scores of work-engagement and occupational self-efficacy, and higher scores of burnout, depression, and anxiety when compared to participants who did not work shifts. Linear regressions showed that shift work explained significant but low percentages of anxiety symptoms, low work-engagement, depression symptoms, low occupational self-efficacy, and burnout. We concluded that non-standard working hours (by shifts) are detrimental to employee occupational health, by increasing the risk of anxiety and depression levels, and burnout, and by reducing work-engagement (as a well-being indicator) and occupational self-efficacy perceptions.
轮班工作对职业健康影响的分析仍需更多研究。因此，我们开展了本研究，旨在通过比较从事轮班工作的员工（占参与者的44.2%）和不从事轮班工作的员工（占参与者的55.8%），评估轮班工作对职业健康指标的影响，这些指标包括倦怠、工作投入、职业自我效能感和心理健康功能（抑郁和焦虑症状）。共有695名年龄在18至73岁之间（平均年龄=37.71岁；标准差=12.64岁）的葡萄牙在职成年人参与了本研究，并完成了一项包含社会人口学问卷和四项职业健康测量的调查：倦怠评估工具、工作投入问卷（UWES）、职业自我效能量表以及用于心理健康症状评估的BSI-18。结果显示，所有指标均存在统计学显著差异（p<0.05），表明与不从事轮班工作的参与者相比，从事轮班工作的参与者工作投入和职业自我效能感得分较低，而倦怠、抑郁和焦虑得分较高。线性回归分析表明，轮班工作对焦虑症状、低工作投入、抑郁症状、低职业自我效能感和倦怠有显著但较低比例的解释力。我们得出结论，非标准工作时间（轮班制）对员工职业健康有害，会增加焦虑和抑郁水平以及倦怠的风险，并降低工作投入（作为一种幸福感指标）和职业自我效能感认知。
