National Institute for Economic Research "Costin C. Kiriţescu" (INCE), Romanian Academy, 13 September Street No. 13, 050711 Bucharest, Romania.
Department of Geography, University of Craiova, Al. I. Cuza Street No. 13, 200585 Craiova, Romania.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 29;18(21):11416. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111416.
To meet the global challenges of climate change and human activity pressure on biodiversity conservation, it has become vital to map such pressure hotspots. Large areas, such as nation-wide regions, are difficult to map from the point of view of the resources needed for such mapping (human resources, hard and soft resources). European biodiversity policies have focused on restoring degraded ecosystems by at least 10% by 2020, and new policies aim to restore up to 30% of degraded ecosystems by 2030. In this study, methods developed and applied for the assessment of the degradation state of the ecosystems in a semi-automatic manner for the entire Romanian territory (238,391 km) are presented. The following ecosystems were analyzed: forestry, grassland, rivers, lakes, caves and coastal areas. The information and data covering all the ecoregions of the Romania (~110,000 km) were analyzed and processed, based on GIS and remote sensing techniques. The largest degraded areas were identified within the coastal area (49.80%), grassland ecosystems (38.59%) and the cave ecosystems (2.66%), while 27.64% of rivers ecosystems were degraded, followed by 8.52% of forest ecosystems, and 14.05% of lakes ecosystems. This analysis can contribute to better definition of the locations of the most affected areas, which will yield a useful spatial representation for future ecological reconstruction strategy.
为了应对气候变化和人类活动对生物多样性保护的压力所带来的全球性挑战，绘制这些压力热点地区的地图变得至关重要。从绘制地图所需资源（人力资源、软硬资源）的角度来看，大面积地区（如全国性地区）难以绘制。欧洲生物多样性政策的重点是到 2020 年至少恢复 10%退化的生态系统，而新政策的目标是到 2030 年恢复多达 30%退化的生态系统。在这项研究中，提出了一种用于自动评估整个罗马尼亚领土（238,391 平方公里）生态系统退化状态的方法。分析了以下生态系统：林业、草原、河流、湖泊、洞穴和沿海地区。基于 GIS 和遥感技术，分析和处理了涵盖罗马尼亚所有生态区（约 110,000 平方公里）的信息和数据。在所分析的生态系统中，退化最严重的地区是沿海地区（49.80%）、草原生态系统（38.59%）和洞穴生态系统（2.66%），而退化的河流生态系统占 27.64%，其次是森林生态系统占 8.52%，湖泊生态系统占 14.05%。这种分析有助于更好地确定受影响最严重地区的位置，为未来的生态重建战略提供有用的空间表示。
