González-Santillán Edmundo, Prendini Lorenzo
The Graduate Center, City University of New York, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
Scorpion Systematics Research Group, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024-5192, USA.
Cladistics. 2015 Aug;31(4):341-405. doi: 10.1111/cla.12091. Epub 2014 Oct 1.
The first rigorous analysis of the phylogeny of the North American vaejovid scorpion subfamily Syntropinae is presented. The analysis is based on 250 morphological characters and 4221 aligned DNA nucleotides from three mitochondrial and two nuclear gene markers, for 145 terminal taxa, representing 47 species in 11 ingroup genera, and 15 species in eight outgroup genera. The monophyly and composition of Syntropinae and its component genera, as proposed by Soleglad and Fet, are tested. The following taxa are demonstrated to be para- or polyphyletic: Smeringurinae; Syntropinae; Vaejovinae; Stahnkeini; Syntropini; Syntropina; Thorelliina; Hoffmannius; Kochius; and Thorellius. The spinose (hooked or toothed) margin of the distal barb of the sclerotized hemi-mating plug is demonstrated to be a unique, unambiguous synapomorphy for Syntropinae, uniting taxa previously assigned to different subfamilies. Results of the analysis demonstrate a novel phylogenetic relationship for the subfamily, comprising six major clades and 11 genera, justify the establishment of six new genera, and they offer new insights about the systematics and historical biogeography of the subfamily, and the information content of morphological character systems.
本文首次对北美瓦乔维德蝎亚科Syntropinae进行了系统发育的严谨分析。该分析基于250个形态特征以及来自三个线粒体和两个核基因标记的4221个比对后的DNA核苷酸，涉及145个终端分类单元，代表11个类群属中的47个物种以及8个外类群属中的15个物种。我们对Soleglad和Fet所提出的Syntropinae及其组成属的单系性和组成进行了检验。结果表明以下分类单元为并系或多系：Smeringurinae；Syntropinae；Vaejovinae；Stahnkeini；Syntropini；Syntropina；Thorelliina；Hoffmannius；Kochius；以及Thorellius。硬化半交配栓远端倒刺的具刺（钩状或齿状）边缘被证明是Syntropinae独特、明确的共衍征，将先前归入不同亚科的分类单元联系起来。分析结果展示了该亚科一种新的系统发育关系，包括六个主要分支和11个属，为六个新属的建立提供了依据，并且为该亚科的系统学和历史生物地理学以及形态特征系统的信息内容提供了新的见解。
