Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università Della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, C.N.R., 83100, Avellino, Italy.
Cell Commun Signal. 2021 Nov 12;19(1):110. doi: 10.1186/s12964-021-00792-1.
Despite the considerable efforts in screening and diagnostic protocols, prostate cancer still represents the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Many patients with localized disease and low risk of recurrence have a favourable outcome. In a substantial proportion of patients, however, the disease progresses and becomes aggressive. The mechanisms that promote prostate cancer progression remain still debated. Many findings point to the role of cross-communication between prostate tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment during the disease progression. Such a connection fosters survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastatic spreading and drug-resistance of prostate cancer. Recent years have seen a profound interest in understanding the way by which prostate cancer cells communicate with the surrounding cells in the microenvironment. In this regard, direct cell-to-cell contacts and soluble factors have been identified. Increasing evidence indicates that PC cells communicate with the surrounding cells through the release of extracellular vesicles, mainly the exosomes. By directly acting in stromal or prostate cancer epithelial cells, exosomes represent a critical intercellular communication system. By querying the public database ( https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ) for the past 10 years, we have found more than four hundred papers. Among them, we have extrapolated the most relevant about the role of exosomes in prostate cancer malignancy and progression. Emerging data concerning the use of these vesicles in diagnostic management and therapeutic guidance of PC patients are also presented. Video Abstract.
尽管在筛选和诊断方案上付出了相当大的努力，但前列腺癌仍然是男性癌症相关死亡的第二大主要原因。许多患有局限性疾病和低复发风险的患者预后良好。然而，在相当一部分患者中，疾病会进展并变得具有侵袭性。促进前列腺癌进展的机制仍存在争议。许多研究结果表明，在疾病进展过程中，前列腺肿瘤细胞及其周围微环境之间的交叉通讯起着重要作用。这种联系促进了前列腺癌细胞的存活、增殖、血管生成、转移扩散和耐药性。近年来，人们对了解前列腺癌细胞与微环境中周围细胞相互交流的方式产生了浓厚的兴趣。在这方面，已经确定了直接的细胞间接触和可溶性因子。越来越多的证据表明，PC 细胞通过释放细胞外囊泡（主要是外泌体）与周围细胞进行通讯。外泌体通过直接作用于基质或前列腺癌细胞，代表了一种关键的细胞间通讯系统。通过在过去 10 年中查询公共数据库（https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov），我们发现了四百多篇相关论文。其中，我们提取了关于外泌体在前列腺癌恶性肿瘤和进展中的作用的最相关研究。还介绍了有关这些囊泡在前列腺癌患者诊断管理和治疗指导中应用的新兴数据。视频摘要。
