Huang Ye, Wang Wenshu, Yu Hua, Peng Junhua, Hu Zhengrong, Chen Liang
CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
Plant Cell Rep. 2022 Apr;41(4):833-852. doi: 10.1007/s00299-021-02803-4. Epub 2021 Nov 13.
The 14-3-3 proteins widely exist in almost all plant species. They specifically recognize and interact with phosphorylated target proteins, including protein kinases, phosphatases, transcription factors and functional proteins, offering an array of opportunities for 14-3-3s to participate in the signal transduction processes. 14-3-3s are multigene families and can form homo- and heterodimers, which confer functional specificity of 14-3-3 proteins. They are widely involved in regulating biochemical and cellular processes and plant growth and development, including cell elongation and division, seed germination, vegetative and reproductive growth, and seed dormancy. They mediate plant response to environmental stresses such as salt, alkaline, osmotic, drought, cold and other abiotic stresses, partially via hormone-related signalling pathways. Although many studies have reviewed the function of 14-3-3 proteins, recent research on plant 14-3-3s has achieved significant advances. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental properties of 14-3-3 proteins and systematically summarize and dissect the emerging advances in understanding the roles of 14-3-3s in plant growth and development and abiotic stress responses. Some ambiguous questions about the roles of 14-3-3s under environmental stresses are reviewed. Interesting questions related to plant 14-3-3 functions that remain to be elucidated are also discussed.
14-3-3蛋白广泛存在于几乎所有植物物种中。它们特异性识别磷酸化的靶蛋白并与之相互作用，这些靶蛋白包括蛋白激酶、磷酸酶、转录因子和功能蛋白，这为14-3-3蛋白参与信号转导过程提供了一系列机会。14-3-3蛋白是多基因家族，能够形成同二聚体和异二聚体，这赋予了14-3-3蛋白功能特异性。它们广泛参与调节生物化学和细胞过程以及植物生长发育，包括细胞伸长和分裂、种子萌发、营养生长和生殖生长以及种子休眠。它们介导植物对盐、碱、渗透、干旱、寒冷等非生物胁迫等环境胁迫的响应，部分是通过激素相关信号通路。尽管许多研究综述了14-3-3蛋白的功能，但最近关于植物14-3-3蛋白的研究取得了重大进展。在此，我们全面概述了14-3-3蛋白的基本特性，并系统总结和剖析了在理解14-3-3蛋白在植物生长发育和非生物胁迫响应中的作用方面的新进展。还综述了一些关于14-3-3蛋白在环境胁迫下作用的模糊问题。同时也讨论了与植物14-3-3蛋白功能相关的有待阐明的有趣问题。
