Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
Business School, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Mar;29(15):21891-21898. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17429-y. Epub 2021 Nov 13.
Financial inclusion (FI) is the backbone for every economy; however, a sustainable environment is also inevitable. Therefore, this study investigates the nexus of FI and environment, i.e., ecological footprint (EF) by controlling energy consumption (EC), economic growth (Y), infrastructure (INF), and corruption (CR) in OECD countries from 2004 to 2017. To validate this nexus, the study builds an index of FI and infrastructure through "Principal Component Analysis" (PCA). Furthermore, to estimate the above-said nexus, the study uses the "augmented mean group (AMG), and common correlated effects mean group (CCE-MG)" techniques to produce reliable results. Findings report the supportive role of INF by indicating the need to promote INF to attain a sustainable environment. However, FI, EC, and CR are found to be prominent reasons for environmental degradation. The study has robust policy implications for OECD economies.
金融包容性（FI）是每个经济体的支柱；然而，可持续的环境也是必不可少的。因此，本研究调查了 FI 与环境，即生态足迹（EF）之间的关系，同时控制了能源消耗（EC）、经济增长（Y）、基础设施（INF）和腐败（CR）在 OECD 国家 2004 年至 2017 年的情况。为了验证这种关系，本研究通过“主成分分析”（PCA）构建了 FI 和基础设施的指数。此外，为了估计上述关系，本研究使用了“扩充均值组（AMG）和共同相关影响均值组（CCE-MG）”技术来得出可靠的结果。研究结果表明，基础设施的支持作用表明需要促进基础设施建设以实现可持续的环境。然而，FI、EC 和 CR 被发现是环境退化的主要原因。本研究对 OECD 经济体具有重要的政策意义。
