Department of Communication, Center for Behavior, Evolution, and Culture, University of California, Los Angeles, 2225 Rolfe Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2022 Jan 3;377(1841):20200387. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0387. Epub 2021 Nov 15.
The study of human vocal communication has been conducted primarily in Western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic (WEIRD) societies. Recently, cross-cultural investigations in several domains of voice research have been expanding into more diverse populations. Theoretically, it is important to understand how universals and cultural variations interact in vocal production and perception, but cross-cultural voice research presents many methodological challenges. Experimental methods typically used in WEIRD societies are often not possible to implement in many populations such as rural, small-scale societies. Moreover, theoretical and methodological issues are often unnecessarily intertwined. Here, I focus on three areas of cross-cultural voice modulation research: (i) vocal signalling of formidability and dominance, (ii) vocal emotions, and (iii) production and perception of infant-directed speech. Research in these specific areas illustrates challenges that apply more generally across the human behavioural sciences but also reveals promise as we develop our understanding of the evolution of human communication. This article is part of the theme issue 'Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact (Part II)'.
人类嗓音交流的研究主要集中在西方、受过教育的、工业化的、富裕的、民主的（WEIRD）社会。最近，在嗓音研究的几个领域中，跨文化的调查研究已经扩展到更多样化的人群。从理论上讲，了解普遍性和文化差异如何在发声和感知中相互作用是很重要的，但跨文化的嗓音研究提出了许多方法上的挑战。在 WEIRD 社会中通常使用的实验方法在许多人群中往往无法实施，如农村、小规模社会。此外，理论和方法问题往往不必要地交织在一起。在这里，我将重点介绍跨文化嗓音调节研究的三个领域：（i）可畏性和支配力的嗓音信号，（ii）嗓音情绪，以及（iii）针对婴儿的语言的产生和感知。这些特定领域的研究说明了在整个人类行为科学中更为普遍的挑战，但也揭示了希望，因为我们正在发展对人类交流进化的理解。本文是主题为“嗓音调节：从起源和机制到社会影响（第二部分）”的一部分。
