Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal.
RNA Biol. 2021 Oct 15;18(sup1):61-74. doi: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1991167. Epub 2021 Nov 14.
Ribosomes are essential nanomachines responsible for all protein production in cells. Ribosome biogenesis and function are energy costly processes, they are tightly regulated to match cellular needs. In cancer, major pathways that control ribosome biogenesis and function are often deregulated to ensure cell survival and to accommodate the continuous proliferation of tumour cells. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are abundantly modified with 2'-O-methylation (Nm, ribomethylation) being one of the most common modifications. In eukaryotic ribosomes, ribomethylation is performed by the methyltransferase Fibrillarin guided by box C/D small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). Accumulating evidences indicate that snoRNA expression and ribosome methylation profiles are altered in cancer. Here we review our current knowledge on differential snoRNA expression and rRNA 2'-O methylation in the context of human malignancies, and discuss the consequences and opportunities for cancer diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics.
核糖体是负责细胞内所有蛋白质生产的基本纳米机器。核糖体的生物发生和功能是能量消耗大的过程，它们受到严格的调控以满足细胞的需求。在癌症中，控制核糖体生物发生和功能的主要途径经常失调，以确保细胞存活并适应肿瘤细胞的持续增殖。核糖体 RNA（rRNA）被大量修饰，其中 2'-O-甲基化（Nm，核糖甲基化）是最常见的修饰之一。在真核核糖体中，由框 C/D 小核仁 RNA（snoRNA）引导的甲基转移酶 Fibrillarin 进行核糖甲基化。越来越多的证据表明，snoRNA 的表达和核糖体的甲基化谱在癌症中发生改变。在这里，我们回顾了人类恶性肿瘤中 snoRNA 表达和 rRNA 2'-O 甲基化的差异的现有知识，并讨论了癌症诊断、预后和治疗的可能性和机会。
