Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, Canada; School of Physical Therapy, Western University, London, Canada.
School of Physical Therapy, Western University, London, Canada.
J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Oct;28:283-293. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.07.022. Epub 2021 Aug 8.
Regular exercise improves glycemic control and helps to mitigate the decline in strength, mobility, and balance. The 6-min walk test (6MWT), timed up-and-go test (TUG) and the sit-to-stand test (STS) are reliable measures of physical function in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Outcome measures allow physiotherapists to monitor changes in physical function with exercise prescription.
PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE and Scopus databases and reference lists of relevant reviews were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) relating to exercise and T2D published until June 2020. Studies were included when: (a) participants were adults diagnosed with T2D, (b) exercise was a main intervention and compared to controls, and (c) at least one clinical physical function measure was used to detect changes in aerobic capacity, mobility or strength.
Eight of 10 RCTs reported either statistically significant between-group (p < 0.05) or within-group (p < 0.05) differences in 6MWT scores. Nonsignificant between-group differences were found in two resistance training RCTs that utilized the TUG test. Three of five RCTs utilizing the STS test reported significant between groups differences (p < 0.05). Seven of 11 RCTs reported statistically significant between-group (p < 0.05) or within-group (p < 0.05) differences in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.
Physical function measures may be useful for monitoring aerobic capacity, lower extremity strength and mobility with exercise in patients with T2D. Improvements in 6MWT scores may depend on total volume of exercise (minutes/week ∗ weeks of intervention). However, changes in HbA1c with exercise were variable and may depend on type of exercise.
有规律的运动可以改善血糖控制，有助于减缓 2 型糖尿病患者（T2D）的力量、活动能力和平衡能力下降。6 分钟步行测试（6MWT）、计时起立行走测试（TUG）和坐站测试（STS）是评估 T2D 成人身体机能的可靠方法。结果测量可使物理治疗师通过运动处方监测身体功能的变化。
我们在 PubMed、CINAHL、EMBASE 和 Scopus 数据库以及相关综述的参考文献列表中搜索了截至 2020 年 6 月发表的与运动和 T2D 相关的随机对照试验（RCT）。当满足以下条件时，研究被纳入：（a）参与者为被诊断为 T2D 的成年人；（b）运动是主要干预措施并与对照组进行比较；（c）至少使用一种临床身体功能测量来检测有氧运动能力、活动能力或力量的变化。
在 8 项 RCT 中，有 6MWT 评分的组间（p < 0.05）或组内（p < 0.05）差异有统计学意义。两项使用 TUG 测试的抗阻训练 RCT 中，组间差异无统计学意义。使用 STS 测试的 5 项 RCT 中有 3 项报告了组间差异有统计学意义（p < 0.05）。11 项 RCT 中有 7 项报告了糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平的组间（p < 0.05）或组内（p < 0.05）差异有统计学意义。
身体机能测量可能有助于监测 T2D 患者的有氧运动能力、下肢力量和活动能力。6MWT 评分的改善可能取决于运动的总时间（每周分钟数∗干预周数）。然而，运动对 HbA1c 的影响是可变的，可能取决于运动类型。
