Guzmán López Jessica, Hernandez-Pavon Julio C, Lioumis Pantelis, Mäkelä Jyrki P, Silvanto Juha
BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, Guildford, UK.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Legs + Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (Formerly The Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago (RIC)), Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Brain Stimulation, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.
Clin Neurophysiol. 2022 Feb;134:129-136. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.08.020. Epub 2021 Oct 5.
The impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been shown to depend on the initial brain state of the stimulated cortical region. This observation has led to the development of paradigms that aim to enhance the specificity of TMS effects by using visual/luminance adaptation to modulate brain state prior to the application of TMS. However, the neural basis of interactions between TMS and adaptation is unknown. Here, we examined these interactions by using electroencephalography (EEG) to measure the impact of TMS over the visual cortex after luminance adaptation.
Single-pulses of neuronavigated TMS (nTMS) were applied at two different intensities over the left visual cortex after adaptation to either high or low luminance. We then analyzed the effects of adaptation on the global and local cortical excitability.
The analysis revealed a significant interaction between the TMS-evoked responses and the adaptation condition. In particular, when nTMS was applied with high intensity, the evoked responses were larger after adaptation to high than low luminance.
This result provides the first neural evidence on the interaction between TMS with visual adaptation.
TMS can activate neurons differentially as a function of their adaptation state.
经颅磁刺激（TMS）的影响已被证明取决于受刺激皮质区域的初始脑状态。这一观察结果促使了一些范式的发展，这些范式旨在通过在施加TMS之前利用视觉/亮度适应来调节脑状态，从而提高TMS效应的特异性。然而，TMS与适应之间相互作用的神经基础尚不清楚。在此，我们通过使用脑电图（EEG）来测量亮度适应后TMS对视觉皮质的影响，研究了这些相互作用。
在适应高亮度或低亮度后，在左侧视觉皮质以两种不同强度施加单脉冲神经导航TMS（nTMS）。然后，我们分析了适应对整体和局部皮质兴奋性的影响。
分析揭示了TMS诱发反应与适应条件之间存在显著相互作用。特别是，当以高强度施加nTMS时，适应高亮度后诱发的反应比适应低亮度后更大。
该结果提供了关于TMS与视觉适应之间相互作用的首个神经学证据。
TMS可根据神经元的适应状态差异激活神经元。
