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共产主义与资本主义之间：1892年至2015年波兰的长期不平等

Between communism and capitalism: long-term inequality in Poland, 1892-2015.

作者信息

Bukowski Paweł, Novokmet Filip

机构信息

Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE United Kingdom.

Institute of Economics, The Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.

出版信息

J Econ Growth (Boston). 2021;26(2):187-239. doi: 10.1007/s10887-021-09190-1. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

DOI:10.1007/s10887-021-09190-1
PMID:34776755
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8550671/
Abstract

UNLABELLED

We construct the first consistent series on the long-term distribution of income in Poland by combining tax, household survey and national accounts data. We document a U-shaped evolution of inequalities from the end of the nineteenth century until today: (1) inequality was high before WWII; (2) abruptly fell after the introduction of communism in 1947 and stagnated at low levels during the whole communist period; (3) experienced a sharp rise with the return to capitalism in 1989. We find that official survey-based measures strongly under-estimate the rise in inequality since 1989. Our results highlight the prominent role of capital income in driving the U-shaped evolution of top income shares. The unique inequality history of Poland speaks to the central role of institutions and policies in shaping inequality in the long run.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10887-021-09190-1.

摘要

未标注

我们通过整合税收、家庭调查和国民账户数据，构建了波兰收入长期分配的首个连贯序列。我们记录了从19世纪末至今不平等现象呈U形演变的情况：（1）第二次世界大战前不平等程度较高；（2）1947年引入共产主义后急剧下降，并在整个共产主义时期停滞在低水平；（3）1989年回归资本主义后经历了急剧上升。我们发现，基于官方调查的衡量方法严重低估了自1989年以来不平等现象的加剧。我们的结果凸显了资本收入在推动最高收入份额呈U形演变中所起的突出作用。波兰独特的不平等历史表明，制度和政策在长期塑造不平等方面起着核心作用。

补充信息

在线版本包含可在10.1007/s10887-021-09190-1获取的补充材料。

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