de Souza Amaury, Abreu Marcel Carvalho, de Oliveira-Júnior José Francisco, Aviv-Sharon Elinor, Fernandes Widinei Alves, Aristone Flavio
Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, C.P. 549, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900 Brazil.
Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica Brazil.
Air Qual Atmos Health. 2022;15(7):1169-1182. doi: 10.1007/s11869-021-01121-8. Epub 2021 Nov 8.
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) started in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. Subsequently, the disease was disseminated in several cities around the world, where measures were taken to control the spread of the virus through the adoption of quarantine (social isolation and closure of commercial sectors). This article analyzed the environmental impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, regarding the variations of nitrogen dioxide (NO) in the atmosphere. NO data from the AURA satellite, in the period before the beginning of the epidemic (2005-2019) and during the adoption of the preventive and control measures of COVID-19 in 2020, were acquired and compared. The results obtained from the analysis showed that the blockade from COVID-19, beginning in March 2020, improved air quality in the short term, but as soon as coal consumption in power plants and refineries returned to normal levels (since June 2020), due to the resumption of works, the pollution levels returned to the level of the previous years of 2020. NO levels showed a significant decrease, since they were mainly associated with the decrease in economic growth and transport restrictions that led to a change in energy consumption and a reduction in emissions. This study can complement the scientific community and policy makers for environmental protection and public management, not only to assess the impact of the outbreak on air quality, but also for its effectiveness as a simple alternative program of action to improve air quality.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）于2019年末在中国武汉爆发。随后，该疾病在世界多个城市传播，各地采取措施通过实施隔离（社会隔离和商业部门关闭）来控制病毒传播。本文分析了巴西南马托格罗索州COVID-19疫情对环境的影响，涉及大气中二氧化氮（NO）的变化。获取并比较了AURA卫星在疫情开始前（2005 - 2019年）以及2020年实施COVID-19预防和控制措施期间的NO数据。分析结果表明，始于2020年3月的COVID-19封锁措施在短期内改善了空气质量，但随着发电厂和炼油厂的煤炭消耗恢复到正常水平（自2020年6月起），由于工程复工，污染水平又回到了2020年前几年的水平。NO水平显著下降，因为它们主要与经济增长下降和交通限制有关，这导致了能源消耗的变化和排放的减少。本研究可为科学界和政策制定者在环境保护和公共管理方面提供补充，不仅用于评估疫情对空气质量的影响，还用于评估其作为改善空气质量的简单替代行动方案的有效性。
