Yongqi Liang, Ruixia Yang, Pu Wang, Anlin Yang, Guolong Chen
Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, The Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094 China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China.
Herit Sci. 2021;9(1):80. doi: 10.1186/s40494-021-00549-6. Epub 2021 Jul 5.
Depicting the temporal and spatial evolution pattern of global world cultural heritage systematically and finely is the basis of heritage recognition and protection. In this study, 869 world cultural heritage inscriptions (through 2019) were selected as the research objects, and the times and types of each World Heritage site were manually annotated from more than 5000 pieces of data. Through time series modelling, the advantages of and changes in heritage declarations in different regions and periods were analysed, and the impact of heritage strategy on the number of heritage sites included in each region was evaluated. The results showed that the implementation of heritage policy greatly impacted each region, especially on the number of heritage sites in Asia and the Pacific region. Using the heritage era to carry out modelling analysis, from the perspective of the integrity of historical heritage cultural types, it is considered that there may be cultural heritage sites in the Caribbean and Latin America that have not been given enough attention. The modelling analysis results of era attributes can support the fairness of heritage determination. By calculating the frequency and peak value of heritage sites at the national scale, the frequency and peak value of each country in the top 10 list are used to characterize the ability of national declarations of cultural heritage and reveal the differences in the ability of each member country to declare heritage sites and the heritage era. By calculating the distribution density of the heritage era, this study finds that the world's cultural heritage is not concentrated in the Middle Ages (600-1450) but the periods of Reformation and Exploration (1450-1700) and Progress and Empire (1850-1914). The above analysis shows that there are imbalances and strategic adjustment effects concerning regions, countries, eras and types in World Heritage list development. The composition types of heritage are complex, and the combination types have obvious changes in different periods. It is suggested that the strategy of world cultural heritage collection should be further optimized to fully guarantee the balance of regions, countries and types, and the heritage value should be fully considered in heritage protection with more diversity and complexity of types.
系统、精细地描绘全球世界文化遗产的时空演变模式是遗产认知与保护的基础。本研究选取了869项世界文化遗产名录（截至2019年）作为研究对象，从5000多条数据中人工标注了每个世界遗产地的年代和类型。通过时间序列建模，分析了不同地区和时期遗产申报的优势及变化，并评估了遗产战略对各地区遗产地数量的影响。结果表明，遗产政策的实施对各地区影响巨大，尤其是对亚太地区的遗产地数量。利用遗产时代进行建模分析，从历史遗产文化类型完整性的角度来看，认为加勒比和拉丁美洲可能存在一些未得到充分关注的文化遗产地。时代属性的建模分析结果能够支持遗产认定的公平性。通过计算国家层面遗产地的频率和峰值，用各国在前十榜单中的频率和峰值来表征各国申报文化遗产的能力，揭示各成员国申报遗产地的能力差异以及遗产时代差异。通过计算遗产时代的分布密度，本研究发现世界文化遗产并非集中在中世纪（600 - 1450年），而是集中在宗教改革与探索时期（1450 - 1700年）以及进步与帝国时期（1850 - 1914年）。上述分析表明，世界遗产名录发展在地区、国家、时代和类型方面存在不均衡以及战略调整效应。遗产的构成类型复杂，组合类型在不同时期有明显变化。建议进一步优化世界文化遗产收录策略，充分保障地区、国家和类型的平衡，在遗产保护中应更具多样性和复杂性地充分考虑遗产价值。
