Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China.
Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China.
Mol Med Rep. 2022 Jan;25(1). doi: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12530. Epub 2021 Nov 15.
Recently accumulated evidence has indicated that the nucleomembrane shuttling of cellular proteins is common, which provides new insight into the subcellular translocation and biological functions of proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm. The present study aimed to clarify the trafficking of proteins between the plasma membrane and nucleus. These proteins primarily consist of transmembrane receptors, membrane adaptor proteins, adhesive proteins, signal proteins and nuclear proteins, which contribute to proliferation, apoptosis, chemoresistance, adhesion, migration and gene expression. The proteins frequently undergo cross‑talk, such as the interaction of transmembrane proteins with signal proteins. The transmembrane proteins undergo endocytosis, infusion into organelles or proteolysis into soluble forms for import into the nucleus, while nuclear proteins interact with membrane proteins or act as receptors. The nucleocytosolic translocation involves export or import through nuclear membrane pores by importin or exportin. Nuclear proteins generally interact with other transcription factors, and then binding to the promoter for gene expression, while membrane proteins are responsible for signal initiation by binding to other membrane and/or adaptor proteins. Protein translocation occurs in a cell‑specific manner and is closely linked to cellular biological events. The present review aimed to improve understanding of cytosolic protein shuttling between the plasma membrane and nucleus and the associated signaling pathways.
最近积累的证据表明，细胞蛋白的核膜穿梭是普遍存在的，这为细胞质中合成的蛋白质的亚细胞转位和生物学功能提供了新的见解。本研究旨在阐明蛋白质在质膜和核之间的运输。这些蛋白质主要包括跨膜受体、膜衔接蛋白、黏附蛋白、信号蛋白和核蛋白，它们参与增殖、凋亡、化疗耐药性、黏附、迁移和基因表达。这些蛋白质经常发生串扰，例如跨膜蛋白与信号蛋白的相互作用。跨膜蛋白通过内吞作用、注入细胞器或蛋白酶解成可溶性形式进入核内，而核蛋白与膜蛋白相互作用或作为受体发挥作用。核质转运通过核膜孔的输入蛋白或输出蛋白进行输出或输入。核蛋白通常与其他转录因子相互作用，然后与启动子结合进行基因表达，而膜蛋白通过与其他膜和/或衔接蛋白结合来负责信号起始。蛋白质转运以细胞特异性的方式发生，并与细胞生物学事件密切相关。本综述旨在提高对质膜和核之间细胞质蛋白穿梭及其相关信号通路的理解。
