Toriyama Kinya
Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan.
Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo). 2021 Sep 25;38(3):285-295. doi: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.0607a.
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited trait that causes dysfunctions in pollen and anther development. CMS is caused by the interaction between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. A product of a CMS-causing gene encoded by the mitochondrial genome affects mitochondrial function and the regulation of nuclear genes, leading to male sterility. In contrast, the gene ( gene) in the nuclear genome suppresses the expression of the CMS-causing gene and restores male fertility. An alloplasmic CMS line is often bred as a result of nuclear substitution, which causes the removal of functional genes and allows the expression of a CMS-causing gene in mitochondria. The CMS/ system is an excellent model for understanding the genetic interactions and cooperative functions of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in plants, and is also an agronomically important trait for hybrid seed production. In this review article, pollen and anther phenotypes of CMS, CMS-associated mitochondrial genes, genes, and the mechanism that causes pollen abortion and its agronomical application for rice are described.
细胞质雄性不育（CMS）是一种母系遗传性状，会导致花粉和花药发育功能异常。CMS是由核基因组和线粒体基因组之间的相互作用引起的。线粒体基因组编码的一个导致CMS的基因产物会影响线粒体功能和核基因的调控，从而导致雄性不育。相反，核基因组中的 基因会抑制导致CMS的基因的表达并恢复雄性育性。异质CMS系通常是核置换的结果，这会导致功能性 基因的去除，并使线粒体中导致CMS的基因得以表达。CMS/ 系统是理解植物线粒体和核基因组的遗传相互作用及协同功能的优秀模型，也是杂交种子生产中一个重要的农艺性状。在这篇综述文章中，描述了CMS的花粉和花药表型、与CMS相关的线粒体基因、 基因，以及导致水稻花粉败育的机制及其农艺应用。
