Stepochkin P I, Stasyuk A I
Siberian Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding - Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk region, Russia.
Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii. 2021 Oct;25(6):631-637. doi: 10.18699/VJ21.071.
The existing spring forms of wheat-rye amphiploids are characterized by late maturity due to the long duration of the interphase period "germination-heading". The manifestation of this trait is inf luenced by Vrn-1 genes. Their dominant alleles also determine the spring type of development. The results of studying the interphase period "germination- heading" of spring octaploid and hexaploid forms of triticale created for use in research and breeding programs under the conditions of forest-steppe of Western Siberia are given in this article. The interphase period of the primary forms 8xVrnA1, 8xVrnB1 and 8xVrnD1 obtained by artif icial doubling of the chromosome number of the wheat-rye hybrids made by pollination of three lines of the soft wheat 'Triple Dirk' - donors of different dominant Vrn-1 genes - by a winter rye variety 'Korotkostebel'naya 69' was determined under the f ield conditions in the nursery of octaploid (8x) triticale. In the nursery of hexaploid triticale, this trait was studied in the populations of hybrids obtained by hybridization of these three primary forms of octaploid triticale with the hexaploid winter triticale variety 'Sears 57'. In the offspring of crossing 8хVrnD1 × 'Sears 57', spring genotypes of 6x triticale bearing Vrn-D1 were selected. This fact was determined by PСR. It means that the genetic material from the chromosome of the f ifth homeologous group of the D genome of the bread wheat is included in the plant genotypes. This genome is absent in the winter 6x triticale 'Sears 57'. The grain content of spikes of the created hexaploid forms of triticale is superiour to that of the maternal octaploid triticale forms. It was shown that plants of the hybrid populations 8xVrnA1 × 'Sears 57' and 8xVrnD1 × 'Sears 57' carrying the dominant alleles Vrn-A1a and Vrn-D1a, respectively, have a shorter duration of the "germination-heading" interphase period than the initial parental forms of primary 8x triticale. The short interphase period of "germination-heading" of the 6x triticale is a valuable breading trait for the creation of early maturing and productive genotypes of triticale.
现有的小麦-黑麦双体异源多倍体的春性类型，其特点是由于“发芽-抽穗”间期持续时间长而导致成熟较晚。这一性状的表现受Vrn-1基因影响。它们的显性等位基因也决定了春性发育类型。本文给出了在西西伯利亚森林草原条件下，为用于研究和育种计划而培育的春性八倍体和六倍体小黑麦“发芽-抽穗”间期的研究结果。在八倍体（8x）小黑麦试验田中，通过用冬黑麦品种“Korotkostebel'naya 69”对三个软质小麦品系“Triple Dirk”（不同显性Vrn-1基因的供体）进行授粉，人工加倍小麦-黑麦杂种的染色体数，获得了初级类型8xVrnA1、8xVrnB1和8xVrnD1，并测定了它们的间期。在六倍体小黑麦试验田中，对这三种八倍体小黑麦初级类型与六倍体冬小黑麦品种“Sears 57”杂交得到的杂种群体的这一性状进行了研究。在8хVrnD1与“Sears 57”杂交的后代中，筛选出了携带Vrn-D1的六倍体小黑麦的春性基因型。这一事实通过PCR得以确定。这意味着普通小麦D基因组第五同源群染色体的遗传物质包含在植物基因型中。在冬性六倍体小黑麦“Sears 57”中不存在该基因组。所培育的六倍体小黑麦穗粒含量优于其母本八倍体小黑麦类型。结果表明，分别携带显性等位基因Vrn-A1a和Vrn-D1a的杂种群体8xVrnA1דSears 57”和8xVrnD1דSears 57”的植株，其“发芽-抽穗”间期比初级八倍体小黑麦的初始亲本类型短。六倍体小黑麦“发芽-抽穗”的短间期是培育早熟高产小黑麦基因型的一个有价值的育种性状。
