Thoma Myriam V, Kleineidam Luca, Forstmeier Simon, Maercker Andreas, Weyerer Siegfried, Eisele Marion, van den Bussche Hendrik, König Hans-Helmut, Röhr Susanne, Stein Janine, Wiese Birgitt, Pentzek Michael, Bickel Horst, Maier Wolfgang, Scherer Martin, Riedel-Heller Steffi G, Wagner Michael
Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Dynamics of Healthy Ageing, University Research Priority Program, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Eur J Ageing. 2020 Dec 12;18(4):549-563. doi: 10.1007/s10433-020-00593-4. eCollection 2021 Dec.
The heterogeneity in the operationalisation of successful ageing (SA) hinders a straightforward examination of SA associations and correlates, and in turn, the identification of potentially modifiable predictors of SA. It is unclear which SA associations and correlates influence all facets of the SA construct, and whether psychosocial reserve models developed in neuropathological ageing research can also be linked to SA. It was therefore the aim of this study to disentangle the effect of various previously identified SA associations and correlates on (1) a general SA factor, which represents the shared underpinnings of three SA facets, and (2) more confined, specific factors, using bifactor modelling. The associations and correlates of three recently validated SA operationalisations were compared in 2478 participants from the German AgeCoDe study, aged 75 years and above. Based on participants' main occupation, cognitive reserve (CR) and motivational reserve (MR) models were built. Younger age, male gender, more education, higher socio-economic status, being married or widowed, as well as more physical exercise and cognitive activities in old age were found to correlate positively with the general SA factor, indicating a simultaneous effect on all aspects of SA. Smoking and ApoE-ε4 were related only to the physiological facet of SA. CR models were significantly related to the general SA factor. Among all SA associations and correlates, proxy indicators of lifelong cognitive activity and physical exercise showed the strongest effects on SA. Future intervention studies should assess the influence of the preservation of active lifestyle across the life span on SA.
成功老龄化（SA）操作化的异质性阻碍了对SA关联和相关因素的直接检验，进而妨碍了对SA潜在可改变预测因素的识别。目前尚不清楚哪些SA关联和相关因素会影响SA结构的所有方面，以及神经病理学衰老研究中建立的心理社会储备模型是否也能与SA联系起来。因此，本研究的目的是使用双因素模型来厘清各种先前确定的SA关联和相关因素对（1）一个代表三个SA方面共同基础的一般SA因素，以及（2）更局限的特定因素的影响。在来自德国AgeCoDe研究的2478名75岁及以上的参与者中，比较了三种最近验证的SA操作化的关联和相关因素。根据参与者的主要职业，构建了认知储备（CR）和动机储备（MR）模型。研究发现，较年轻的年龄、男性、更多的教育、更高的社会经济地位、已婚或丧偶，以及老年时更多的体育锻炼和认知活动与一般SA因素呈正相关，表明对SA的所有方面都有同时影响。吸烟和ApoE-ε4仅与SA的生理方面相关。CR模型与一般SA因素显著相关。在所有SA关联和相关因素中，终身认知活动和体育锻炼的代理指标对SA的影响最强。未来的干预研究应评估一生保持积极生活方式对SA的影响。
