Kok Almar A L, Aartsen Marja J, Deeg Dorly J H, Huisman Martijn
Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Medical Faculty F-Wing, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Norwegian Social Research-NOVA, Centre for Welfare and Labour Research, Oslo, Norway.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2016 Nov;70(11):1106-1113. doi: 10.1136/jech-2015-206938. Epub 2016 May 17.
This study examines to what extent education, occupation and income are associated with the multidimensional process of successful ageing, encompassing trajectories of physical, mental and social functioning in old age.
We employed 16-year longitudinal data from 2095 participants aged 55-85 years at baseline in the Dutch, nationally representative Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. For 9 indicators of successful ageing, separate Latent Class Growth models were used to identify subgroups of older adults with a 'successful' trajectory. A 'Successful Aging Index' expressed the number of indicators for which individual respondents had a successful trajectory (range 0-9). Using multivariate regression models, we investigated associations between socioeconomic position and the Successful Ageing Index, and with separate indicators of successful ageing.
Higher education, occupational skill level and income were independently associated with higher numbers of successful trajectories. Education (β=0.09) was a slightly stronger correlate of successful ageing than income (β=0.08). Analyses of separate indicators of successful ageing showed that cognitive functioning, functional limitations and emotional support given were associated with all three components of socioeconomic position, while other indicators were associated with only one (eg, life satisfaction) or none (eg, social loneliness). For some indicators of successful ageing, socioeconomic inequalities were present at baseline, and also increased or decreased during follow-up.
Education, occupation and income represent distinct socioeconomic life course factors, each of which contribute in a specific way to inequalities in successful ageing. Physical and cognitive functioning were associated more strongly with socioeconomic position than social and emotional functioning.
本研究探讨教育、职业和收入在多大程度上与成功老龄化的多维过程相关，该过程涵盖老年期身体、心理和社会功能的轨迹。
我们使用了来自荷兰具有全国代表性的阿姆斯特丹纵向老龄化研究中2095名基线年龄在55 - 85岁参与者的16年纵向数据。对于9个成功老龄化指标，分别使用潜在类别增长模型来识别具有“成功”轨迹的老年人亚组。“成功老龄化指数”表示个体受访者具有成功轨迹的指标数量（范围为0 - 9）。使用多元回归模型，我们研究了社会经济地位与成功老龄化指数之间的关联，以及与成功老龄化的各个单独指标之间的关联。
高等教育、职业技能水平和收入与更多的成功轨迹独立相关。教育（β = 0.09）与成功老龄化的相关性略强于收入（β = 0.08）。对成功老龄化各个单独指标的分析表明，认知功能、功能限制和给予的情感支持与社会经济地位的所有三个组成部分相关，而其他指标仅与其中一个（如生活满意度）或无（如社会孤独感）相关。对于一些成功老龄化指标，社会经济不平等在基线时就存在，并且在随访期间也有所增加或减少。
教育、职业和收入代表了不同的社会经济生命历程因素，它们各自以特定方式对成功老龄化中的不平等现象有所贡献。身体和认知功能与社会经济地位的关联比社会和情感功能更强。
