Sundaramahalingam M A, Amrutha C, Sivashanmugam P, Rajeshbanu J
Chemical and Biochemical Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620015 India.
Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610 005 India.
3 Biotech. 2021 Nov;11(11):481. doi: 10.1007/s13205-021-03003-3. Epub 2021 Oct 30.
Biodiesel is a renewable, sulfur-free, toxic-free, and low carbon fuel which possesses enhanced lubricity. Transesterification is the easiest method employed for the production of biodiesel, in which the oil is transformed into biodiesel. Biocatalyst-mediated transesterification is more advantageous than chemical process because of its non-toxic nature, the requirement of mild reaction conditions, absence of saponification, easy product recovery, and production of high-quality biodiesel. Lipases are found to be the primary enzymes in enzyme-mediated transesterification process. Currently, researchers are using lipases as biocatalyst for transesterification. Lipases are extracted from various sources such as plants, microbes, and animals. Biocatalyst-based biodiesel production is not yet commercialized due to high-cost of purified enzymes and higher reaction time for the production process. However, research works are growing in the area of various cost-effective techniques for immobilizing lipase to improve its reusability. And further reduction in the production cost of lipases can be achieved by genetic engineering techniques. The reduction in reaction time can be achieved through ultrasonic-assisted biocatalytic transesterification. Biodiesel production by enzymatic transesterification is affected by many factors. Various methods have been developed to control these factors and improve biodiesel production. This report summarizes the various sources of lipase, various production strategies for lipase and the lipase-mediated transesterification. It is fully focused on the lipase enzyme and its role in biodiesel production. It also covers the detailed explanation of various influencing factors, which affect the lipase-mediated transesterification along with the limitations and scope of lipase in biodiesel production.
生物柴油是一种可再生、无硫、无毒且低碳的燃料，具有增强的润滑性。酯交换反应是生产生物柴油最简便的方法，通过该反应可将油脂转化为生物柴油。生物催化剂介导的酯交换反应比化学过程更具优势，因为其具有无毒性质、反应条件温和、不存在皂化反应、产物易于回收以及能生产高质量生物柴油等优点。脂肪酶被发现是酶介导酯交换反应过程中的主要酶类。目前，研究人员正在使用脂肪酶作为酯交换反应的生物催化剂。脂肪酶可从植物、微生物和动物等多种来源提取。基于生物催化剂的生物柴油生产尚未商业化，原因在于纯化酶成本高昂且生产过程反应时间较长。然而，在各种用于固定化脂肪酶以提高其可重复使用性的经济高效技术领域，研究工作正在不断增加。通过基因工程技术可进一步降低脂肪酶的生产成本。通过超声辅助生物催化酯交换反应可实现反应时间的缩短。酶促酯交换反应生产生物柴油受到许多因素的影响。已开发出各种方法来控制这些因素并提高生物柴油产量。本报告总结了脂肪酶的各种来源、脂肪酶的各种生产策略以及脂肪酶介导的酯交换反应。它完全聚焦于脂肪酶及其在生物柴油生产中的作用。还涵盖了对各种影响因素的详细解释，这些因素影响脂肪酶介导的酯交换反应，以及脂肪酶在生物柴油生产中的局限性和应用范围。
