Pachocki L, Daszkiewicz K, Łuczkiewicz P, Witkowski W
Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland.
2nd Division of Orthopedics and Kinetic Organ Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021 Nov 1;9:760498. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.760498. eCollection 2021.
Literature and field data from CIREN database have shown that lumbar spine injuries occur during car crashes. There are multiple hypotheses regarding how they occur; however, there is no biomechanical explanation for these injuries during collisions with road safety barriers (RSBs). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the mechanics of vertebral fractures during car collisions with concrete RSBs. The finite element method was used for the numerical simulations. The global model of the car collision with the concrete RSB was created. The lumbar spine kinematics were extracted from the global simulation and then applied as boundary conditions to the detailed lumbar spine model. The results showed that during the collision, the occupant was elevated, and then dropped during the vehicle landing. This resulted in axial compression forces 2.6 kN with flexion bending moments 34.7 and 37.8 Nm in the L2 and L3 vertebrae. It was shown that the bending moment is the result of the longitudinal force on the eccentricity. The lumbar spine index for the L1-L5 section was 2.80, thus indicating a lumbar spine fracture. The minimum principal strain criterion of 7.4% and damage variable indicated L2 and L3 vertebrae and the inferior part of L1, as those potentially prone to fracture. This study found that lumbar spine fractures could occur as a consequence of vehicle landing during a collision with a concrete RSB mostly affecting the L1-L3 lumbar spine section. The fracture was caused by a combination of axial forces and flexion bending moments.
来自CIREN数据库的文献和现场数据表明，腰椎损伤发生在汽车碰撞过程中。关于其发生方式有多种假说；然而，对于与道路安全屏障（RSB）碰撞时这些损伤的发生，尚无生物力学解释。因此，本研究的目的是调查汽车与混凝土RSB碰撞过程中椎体骨折的力学机制。采用有限元方法进行数值模拟。创建了汽车与混凝土RSB碰撞的整体模型。从整体模拟中提取腰椎运动学数据，然后将其作为边界条件应用于详细的腰椎模型。结果表明，在碰撞过程中，乘员先被抬高，然后在车辆着陆时下降。这导致L2和L3椎体产生2.6 kN的轴向压缩力以及34.7和37.8 Nm的屈曲弯矩。结果表明，弯矩是纵向力作用于偏心距的结果。L1-L5节段的腰椎指数为2.80，表明腰椎骨折。7.4%的最小主应变准则和损伤变量表明L2和L3椎体以及L1下部有发生骨折的潜在可能。本研究发现，汽车与混凝土RSB碰撞时车辆着陆可能导致腰椎骨折，主要影响L1-L3腰椎节段。骨折是由轴向力和屈曲弯矩共同作用引起的。
