Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Mar;29(15):22589-22601. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17336-2. Epub 2021 Nov 18.
Long-term excessive use of chemical fertilizer has led to water environmental degradation. Reducing chemical fertilizer use in crop production has become a consensus, and the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction on yield, water consumption and water environment urgently need to be explored. A field experiment including four fertilization treatments: normal fertilizer application (NFA), 15%, 30% and 45% fertilizer reduction (FR) was conducted and the water footprint (WF) was used as an indicator to explore how the chemical fertilizer reduction affected the maize WF. The results showed that the blue, green and total WFs of maize in the 45% FR and NFA treatments were larger than those in the 30% FR and 15% FR treatments in 2018 and 2019. The grey WFs of maize in the NFA treatment were the highest in 2018 and 2019, exhibiting a trend that the grey WFs in the NFA treatment >15% FR treatment >30% FR treatment >45% FR treatment in 2018 and those in the NFA treatment >45% FR treatment >30% FR treatment >15% FR treatment in 2019. The optimal treatment was the 15-30% FR compared with the current fertilization, in which the total WF of maize can be minimized and the maize yield can be maximized at the same time. Precipitation had a wide-ranging impact on the yield and WF of maize, especially the amount, intensity and interval of rainfall, which had an evident impact on the grey WF. This study is expected to provide a data foundation for reducing chemical fertilizer and improving water and fertilizer use efficiency in maize production.
长期过量施用化肥导致水环境退化。减少作物生产中的化肥用量已成为共识，迫切需要探索化肥减量对产量、耗水量和水环境的影响。本研究设置了正常施肥（NFA）、减量 15%、30%和 45%（FR）共 4 个施肥处理的田间试验，以水足迹（WF）为指标，探讨了化肥减量对玉米 WF 的影响。结果表明，2018 年和 2019 年，45% FR 和 NFA 处理的玉米蓝、绿和总 WF 均大于 30% FR 和 15% FR 处理；2018 年和 2019 年，NFA 处理的玉米灰色 WF 最大，表现为 NFA 处理>15% FR 处理>30% FR 处理>45% FR 处理，NFA 处理>45% FR 处理>30% FR 处理>15% FR 处理。与当前施肥相比，最佳处理是 15%-30% FR，此时玉米总 WF 最小，同时玉米产量最大。降水对玉米产量和 WF 有广泛影响，特别是降水量、强度和间隔，对灰色 WF 有明显影响。本研究为减少化肥用量、提高玉米生产水肥利用效率提供了数据基础。
