Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of food for Special Medical Purpose/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China.
College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023;63(20):4351-4370. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2001429. Epub 2021 Nov 18.
Whole grains (WGs) may have various health benefits, including lowering blood glucose and improving insulin sensitivity. To conduct a meta-analysis of the effects of WGs compared with non-WGs on changes in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). A systematic literature search was performed for all published randomized controlled trials on the effects of WG intake on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR response up to February 2021. Weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated. Pre-specified subgroup and univariate meta-regression analyses were explored to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis and bias analysis were conducted to appraise study quality. Among 12,435 articles screened for eligibility, data were extracted from 48 articles. Meta-analysis of 4,118 participants showed that WG consumption resulted in a significant reduction in fasting glucose by -0.15 mmol/L, fasting insulin by -2.71 pmol/L, HbA1c by -0.44%, and HOMA-IR by -0.28, respectively. Compared with mixed grains, brown rice, and wheat, oats were significantly lower on marker of glycemic. Besides, multiple interventions per day consolidated effectiveness of WGs. WG consumption decreased the levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR compared with non-WG consumption.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.2001429 .
全谷物（WGs）可能具有多种健康益处，包括降低血糖和提高胰岛素敏感性。进行荟萃分析，比较 WGs 与非 WGs 对空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）和稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）变化的影响。系统地搜索了截至 2021 年 2 月所有关于 WG 摄入对空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HbA1c 和 HOMA-IR 反应影响的已发表随机对照试验的文献。计算了加权均数差异（WMD）。探索了预先指定的亚组和单变量荟萃回归分析，以确定异质性的来源。进行敏感性分析和偏差分析以评估研究质量。在筛选出的 12435 篇合格文章中，有 48 篇文章的数据被提取出来。对 4118 名参与者的荟萃分析表明，WG 消费使空腹血糖降低了-0.15mmol/L，空腹胰岛素降低了-2.71pmol/L，HbA1c 降低了-0.44%，HOMA-IR 降低了-0.28%。与混合谷物、糙米和小麦相比，燕麦的血糖标志物明显更低。此外，每天进行多次干预可以增强 WG 的效果。与非 WG 消费相比，WG 消费降低了空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HbA1c 和 HOMA-IR 的水平。本文的补充数据可在 https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.2001429 在线获取。
