Llauradó-Calero E, Badiola I, Delpino-Rius A, Lizardo R, Torrallardona D, Esteve-Garcia E, Tous N
Animal Nutrition, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), E-43120 Constantí, Spain.
Animal Health-CReSA, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
Animal. 2021 Dec;15(12):100403. doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100403. Epub 2021 Nov 15.
Colostrum and milk are the first nutrient sources for newborn piglets. In addition, n-3 fatty acids (FAs) and their oxygenated derivatives (oxylipins) have the capacity to modulate immune components. The aim of the current study was to include a fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in sow diets to promote an increase of anti-inflammatory molecules in colostrum and milk to benefit piglets. Thirty-six sows were randomly assigned from insemination to the end of lactation to either a control diet with animal fat (15 g/kg in gestation and 30 g/kg in lactation) or an n-3 diet in which animal fat was totally (gestation) or half (lactation) replaced by an equivalent amount of solid fish oil. Performance of sows and piglets was monitored during the study. Colostrum and milk samples were obtained after the birth of the first piglet and at weaning, respectively. From all samples (n = 18 per treatment), FAs were quantified by gas chromatography and immunoglobulins and cytokines by ELISA. Three samples per treatment were randomly selected to analyse oxylipin composition by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In colostrum and in milk, the n-3 FA (P = 0.020 and P < 0.001), particularly EPA (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001) and DHA (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), and also their oxygenated derivatives were increased in samples from sows fed n-3 diet. Fish oil had no effect on immunoglobulin concentrations, but reduced tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) (P = 0.011) and a tendency to reduce interleukin 10 (IL10) (P = 0.059) were observed in milk. In conclusion, fish oil in sow diets increased n-3 FA, particularly EPA and DHA, and their oxygenated derivatives in colostrum and milk, reducing TNFα and IL10 in milk.
初乳和乳汁是新生仔猪的首要营养来源。此外，n-3脂肪酸（FAs）及其氧化衍生物（氧化脂质）具有调节免疫成分的能力。本研究的目的是在母猪日粮中添加富含二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的鱼油，以促进初乳和乳汁中抗炎分子的增加，从而使仔猪受益。从授精到泌乳结束，36头母猪被随机分为两组，一组饲喂含动物脂肪的对照日粮（妊娠期15 g/kg，泌乳期30 g/kg），另一组饲喂n-3日粮，其中动物脂肪在妊娠期被等量的固体鱼油完全替代，在泌乳期被一半替代。在研究期间监测母猪和仔猪的生产性能。分别在第一头仔猪出生后和断奶时采集初乳和乳汁样本。对所有样本（每个处理18个），通过气相色谱法对脂肪酸进行定量分析，通过酶联免疫吸附测定法对免疫球蛋白和细胞因子进行定量分析。每个处理随机选取3个样本，通过液相色谱-串联质谱法分析氧化脂质的组成。在初乳和乳汁中，饲喂n-3日粮的母猪所产样本中n-3脂肪酸（P = 0.020和P < 0.001），特别是EPA（P < 0.001和P < 0.001）和DHA（P < 0.001和P < 0.001）及其氧化衍生物均有所增加。鱼油对免疫球蛋白浓度没有影响，但在乳汁中观察到肿瘤坏死因子α（TNFα）减少（P = 0.011），白细胞介素10（IL10）有减少趋势（P = 0.059）。总之，母猪日粮中的鱼油增加了初乳和乳汁中n-3脂肪酸，特别是EPA和DHA及其氧化衍生物，同时降低了乳汁中的TNFα和IL10。
