Animal Nutrition, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), E-43120 Constantí, Spain.
Animal Health-CReSA, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
Animal. 2022 Oct;16(10):100634. doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100634. Epub 2022 Oct 3.
Over the last decades, genetic selection has increased sows' litter size. Consequently, there is a high proportion of piglets born with low weight which are vulnerable. Their viability may potentially be enhanced through early nutrition. The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether including a fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the diets of the sow and piglets was able to increase concentrations of anti-inflammatory molecules in their blood. Thirty-six sows, in four consecutive batches, were randomly assigned to either a control diet with animal fat (15 g/kg in gestation and 30 g/kg in lactation) or an n-3 long-chain fatty acid (n-3 LCFA) diet from insemination until the end of lactation. From day 11 of lactation, piglets were also offered a diet containing 30 g/kg of animal fat or n-3 LCFA. To prepare the n-3 LCFA diet, 15 g/kg or 30 g/kg of animal fat in the control diet were replaced by an equivalent amount of solid fish oil for sows and piglets, respectively. All the sows were sampled for serum and plasma at day 108 of gestation and at weaning. Additionally, only for the first batch of sows, blood samples were also obtained at weaning from the two lightest (>800 g) and the two heaviest birth weight piglets in each litter. Serum fatty acids (FAs) were quantified by gas chromatography, plasma oxylipins by ultra-HPLC-MS and plasma immunoglobulins (Ig) and cytokines by ELISA. The n-3 LCFA diet increased the concentrations of n-3 FAs in gestating and lactating sows and in piglets (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively), particularly EPA (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) and DHA (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), and also their oxygenated derivatives. In addition, fish oil increased plasma IgM in gestating and lactating sows (P = 0.014 and P = 0.008, respectively), interleukin (IL) 6 in sows at weaning (P = 0.012), and IL1β in piglets (P = 0.018). Birth BW of piglets, regardless of diet, slightly influenced some of the n-6-derived oxylipins. In conclusion, fish oil addition in diets increased the blood concentrations of n-3 FAs and their oxygenated derivatives, some of which have anti-inflammatory activity, in gestating and lactating sows and piglets, IgM in gestating and lactating sows, IL6 in lactating sows and IL1β in piglets.
在过去的几十年中，遗传选择提高了母猪的窝产仔数。因此，有很大比例的仔猪出生体重较低，因此较为脆弱。通过早期营养可以潜在地提高它们的生存能力。本研究的目的是评估在母猪和仔猪的饮食中添加富含二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的鱼油是否能够增加其血液中抗炎分子的浓度。36 头母猪分为 4 批，随机分配到含有动物脂肪的对照饮食（妊娠期间 15g/kg，哺乳期 30g/kg）或从授精到哺乳期结束的 n-3 长链脂肪酸（n-3 LCFA）饮食。从哺乳期第 11 天开始，仔猪还提供了含有 30g/kg 动物脂肪或 n-3 LCFA 的饮食。为了制备 n-3 LCFA 饮食，对照饮食中的 15g/kg 或 30g/kg 动物脂肪分别被等量的固体鱼油替代。所有母猪在妊娠第 108 天和断奶时被采集血清和血浆样本。此外，仅对于第一批母猪，还从每窝中体重最轻（>800g）和最重的两只仔猪中获得断奶时的血液样本。通过气相色谱法定量血清脂肪酸（FA），通过超高效液相色谱-质谱法定量血浆氧化脂，通过 ELISA 定量血浆免疫球蛋白（Ig）和细胞因子。n-3 LCFA 饮食增加了妊娠和哺乳期母猪和仔猪中 n-3 FA 的浓度（P<0.001、P<0.001 和 P=0.011），特别是 EPA（P<0.001、P<0.001 和 P<0.001）和 DHA（P<0.001、P<0.001 和 P<0.001），以及它们的氧化衍生物。此外，鱼油增加了妊娠和哺乳期母猪的血浆 IgM（P=0.014 和 P=0.008）、断奶时母猪的白细胞介素（IL）6（P=0.012）和仔猪的 IL1β（P=0.018）。仔猪的出生体重，无论饮食如何，都略微影响了一些 n-6 衍生的氧化脂。总之，在饮食中添加鱼油增加了妊娠和哺乳期母猪和仔猪血液中 n-3 FA 及其氧化衍生物的浓度，其中一些具有抗炎活性，妊娠和哺乳期母猪的 IgM、哺乳期母猪的 IL6 和仔猪的 IL1β。
