埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴奶牛场新生犊牛牛轮状病毒和冠状病毒的流行情况：初步研究。
Prevalence of Bovine Rotavirus and Coronavirus in Neonatal Calves in Dairy Farms of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Preliminary Study.
机构信息
School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
National Animal Health and Diagnostic Center, Sebeta, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Biomed Res Int. 2021 Nov 9;2021:5778455. doi: 10.1155/2021/5778455. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
Bovine rotavirus (BRV) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) are the most common viral agents in neonatal calf diarrhea and result in serious economic consequences. The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiology of those viruses in randomly selected dairy farms of Addis Ababa.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019 using a probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling technique. A total of 110 calves, less than 30 days of age, from 57 dairy herds were involved in the study. Associated factors of herds and calves were collected using semistructured interviews from farm owners and through physical observation of selected calves. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed using the sandwich ELISA method. Data generated from both semistructured interviews and laboratory investigation were analyzed using STATA_MP version 15.
RESULTS
From the total 110 calves, 42 (38.18%) had diarrhea during the survey. The prevalence of bovine rotavirus and coronavirus was 3.64% (4/110) and 0.91% (1/110), respectively. Diarrhea, feeding colostrum timing, and sex of the neonatal calves had statistically significant association with bovine rotavirus infection ( < 0.05). All rotavirus-positive neonatal calves were identified in small scale dairy farms and in dairy farms that reported mortality though they lack statistically significant association. Only one coronavirus case was detected among the neonatal calves. The case was identified among small scale herds and in a herd with diarrheal cases. The sex of the coronavirus calf was female, diarrheic, and among 11-20 days old.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of rotavirus and coronavirus infections in neonatal calves was seldom in dairy farms of the study area. Rotavirus was more common than coronavirus, and further studies should be initiated on other (infectious and noninfectious) causes of neonatal calf diarrhea in the area.
背景
牛轮状病毒（BRV）和牛冠状病毒（BCoV）是引起新生犊牛腹泻的最常见病毒，会造成严重的经济后果。本研究旨在确定在亚的斯亚贝巴随机选择的奶牛场中这些病毒的流行病学情况。
方法
本研究采用概率比例大小（PPS）抽样技术，于 2018 年 11 月至 2019 年 4 月进行了一项横断面研究。共涉及来自 57 个奶牛场的 110 头 30 日龄以下的犊牛。通过对农场主进行半结构式访谈以及对选定的犊牛进行体格检查，收集了与牛群和犊牛相关的因素。采集粪便样本，采用夹心 ELISA 法进行分析。对来自半结构式访谈和实验室调查的数据，使用 STATA_MP 版本 15 进行分析。
结果
在总共 110 头犊牛中，42 头（38.18%）在调查期间发生腹泻。牛轮状病毒和冠状病毒的流行率分别为 3.64%（4/110）和 0.91%（1/110）。腹泻、初乳饲喂时间和新生犊牛的性别与牛轮状病毒感染有统计学显著关联（<0.05）。所有轮状病毒阳性的新生犊牛均来自于小型奶牛场，且在报告有死亡病例的奶牛场发现，但与统计学显著关联。仅在 11-20 日龄的一头腹泻犊牛中检测到 1 例冠状病毒病例。该病例来自小型牛群和有腹泻病例的牛群，该冠状病毒犊牛为雌性。
结论
在研究地区的奶牛场中，新生犊牛轮状病毒和冠状病毒感染的流行率较低。轮状病毒比冠状病毒更为常见，应在该地区开展其他（感染性和非感染性）引起新生犊牛腹泻原因的进一步研究。
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