Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Department of Agro-Processing, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2022 Mar;24(2):227-239. doi: 10.1111/plb.13363. Epub 2021 Nov 18.
Abiotic stresses have a detrimental impact on plant growth and productivity and are a major threat to sustainable crop production in rapidly changing environments. Proline, an important amino acid, plays an important role in maintaining the metabolism and growth of plants under abiotic stress conditions. Many insights indicate a positive relationship between proline accumulation and tolerance of plants to various abiotic stresses. Because of its metal chelator properties, it acts as a molecular chaperone, an antioxidative defence molecule that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as having signalling behaviour to activate specific gene functions that are crucial for plant recovery from stresses. It also acts as an osmoprotectant, a potential source to acquire nitrogen as well as carbon, and plays a significant role in the flowering and development of plants. Overproduction of proline in plant cells contributes to maintaining cellular homeostasis, water uptake, osmotic adjustment and redox balance to restore the cell structures and mitigate oxidative damage. Many reports reveal that transgenic plants, particularly those overexpressing genes tailored for proline accumulation, exhibit better adaptation to abiotic stresses. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive update on proline biosynthesis and accumulation in plants and its putative regulatory roles in mediating plant defence against abiotic stresses. Additionally, the current and future directions in research concerning manipulation of proline to induce gene functions that appear promising in genetics and genomics approaches to improve plant adaptive responses under changing climate conditions are also highlighted.
非生物胁迫会对植物的生长和生产力产生不利影响，是快速变化环境中可持续作物生产的主要威胁。脯氨酸是一种重要的氨基酸，在植物应对非生物胁迫条件下的代谢和生长中起着重要作用。许多研究表明，脯氨酸积累与植物对各种非生物胁迫的耐受性之间存在正相关关系。由于其金属螯合特性，它可以作为分子伴侣、抗氧化防御分子来清除活性氧（ROS），并具有信号行为来激活特定基因功能，这些基因功能对植物从胁迫中恢复至关重要。它还可以作为渗透保护剂，是获取氮和碳的潜在来源，并在植物的开花和发育中起着重要作用。植物细胞中脯氨酸的过度产生有助于维持细胞内稳态、水分吸收、渗透调节和氧化还原平衡，以恢复细胞结构并减轻氧化损伤。许多报告表明，转基因植物，特别是那些过度表达专门用于脯氨酸积累的基因的植物，对非生物胁迫表现出更好的适应性。因此，本综述旨在提供植物中脯氨酸生物合成和积累及其在介导植物对非生物胁迫防御中的潜在调节作用的全面更新。此外，还强调了当前和未来在操纵脯氨酸以诱导基因功能方面的研究方向，这些基因功能在遗传学和基因组学方法中似乎很有前途，可以改善植物在气候变化条件下的适应反应。
