Huang Wei, Wu Yongyao, Qiao MingXin, Xie Zhuojun, Cen Xiao, Huang Xinqi, Zhao Zhihe
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
J Cell Physiol. 2022 Feb;237(2):1225-1244. doi: 10.1002/jcp.30625. Epub 2021 Nov 19.
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a class of endogenous noncoding RNA (ncRNA), presenting as a special covalent closed loop without a 5' cap or 3' tail, maintaining resistance to RNA exonuclease and keeping high stability. Although lowly expressed in most situations, circRNA makes an active difference in regulating physiological or pathological processes by modulating gene expression by regulation of transcription, protein, and miRNA functions through various mechanisms in particular tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated the roles of the miRNA-circRNA network in the development of several bone diseases such as osteoporosis, a multiple-mechanism disease resulting from defective bone quality and low bone mass, osteoarthritis, whose main pathomechanism is inflammation and articular cartilage degradation, as well as osteosarcoma, known as one of the most common bone cancers. However, the specific mechanism of how circRNA along with miRNA influences those diseases is not well documented, showing potential for the development of new therapies for those bone diseases.
环状RNA（circRNA）是一类内源性非编码RNA（ncRNA），呈特殊的共价闭环结构，无5'帽或3'尾，对RNA外切核酸酶具有抗性且稳定性高。尽管在大多数情况下circRNA表达水平较低，但它通过在特定组织中通过多种机制调节转录、蛋白质和miRNA功能来调控基因表达，从而在调节生理或病理过程中发挥积极作用。最近的研究表明，miRNA-circRNA网络在几种骨疾病的发展中发挥作用，如骨质疏松症，这是一种由骨质质量缺陷和低骨量导致的多机制疾病；骨关节炎，其主要发病机制是炎症和关节软骨降解；以及骨肉瘤，这是最常见的骨癌之一。然而，circRNA与miRNA如何影响这些疾病的具体机制尚未得到充分记录，这为开发针对这些骨疾病的新疗法提供了潜力。
