Tanni Kaniz Afroz, Qian Jingjing
Department of Health Outcomes Research and Policy, Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, 4306 Walker Building, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2021 Nov;13(11):1408-1413. doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2021.09.010. Epub 2021 Sep 23.
This study described and compared trends in the distribution of gender and race/ethnicity for doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students and faculty in schools and colleges of pharmacy in the United States.
Institution-level gender (male and female) and racial/ethnic (White, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino) data for full-time faculty were obtained from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy institutional database for 2009-2019. PharmD students' demographic data during the same study period were collected separately for applications, enrollments, and degrees conferred. Generalized linear regression models were applied to examine trends in proportion of PharmD students and faculty distribution in subgroups of different gender and race/ethnicity at P < .05. All analyses were conducted using SAS, version 9.4 (SAS Institute).
Significantly increasing trends in female full-time faculty, PharmD applications, and enrollments were observed; however, the trend in female PharmD degrees conferred remained stable from 2009 to 2019. While the trends in proportion of PharmD applications, enrollments, and degrees conferred for Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino students increased significantly, declines and stable trends in the proportion of Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino faculty, respectively, were identified during the same time.
Upward trends in proportions of Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino PharmD applications, enrollments, and degrees conferred were not mirrored by trends in proportions of underrepresented faculty. Implementation of effective faculty diversity and inclusion strategies is warranted to better meet the educational needs of PharmD students.
本研究描述并比较了美国药学院校中药学博士（PharmD）学生和教职员工的性别及种族/民族分布趋势。
从美国药学院协会机构数据库获取2009 - 2019年全职教职员工的机构层面性别（男性和女性）及种族/民族（白人、黑人/非裔美国人、西班牙裔/拉丁裔）数据。在同一研究期间，分别收集了药学博士学生在申请、入学和授予学位阶段的人口统计学数据。应用广义线性回归模型，以P <.05检验不同性别和种族/民族亚组中药学博士学生和教职员工分布比例的趋势。所有分析均使用SAS 9.4版（SAS研究所）进行。
观察到女性全职教职员工、药学博士申请和入学人数有显著增加趋势；然而，2009年至2019年授予女性药学博士学位的趋势保持稳定。虽然黑人/非裔美国人和西班牙裔/拉丁裔学生的药学博士申请、入学和授予学位比例呈显著上升趋势，但同期黑人/非裔美国人和西班牙裔/拉丁裔教职员工的比例分别出现下降和稳定趋势。
黑人/非裔美国人和西班牙裔/拉丁裔药学博士申请、入学和授予学位比例的上升趋势并未反映在代表性不足的教职员工比例趋势上。有必要实施有效的教职员工多元化和包容性策略，以更好地满足药学博士学生的教育需求。
