Fuller-Thomson Esme, Carrique Lauren, MacNeil Andie
Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine & Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
J Affect Disord. 2022 Feb 15;299:707-714. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.020. Epub 2021 Nov 16.
Research has identified a link between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between ADHD and GAD, and to identify significant correlates of GAD among those with ADHD.
Data were derived from the nationally representative 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health. The sample included 6,989 respondents aged 20-39, of whom 682 had GAD. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the degree to which the association between ADHD and GAD was attenuated by demographics, socioeconomic status, social support, spirituality, childhood adversities, depression, and substance abuse/dependence. Additional analyses were conducted using the subsample of those diagnosed with ADHD (n = 272) to determine factors associated with GAD.
1 in 9 respondents with GAD had ADHD, in comparison to 1 in 33 of those without GAD. The age-sex-race adjusted odds of GAD were four-fold for those with ADHD in comparison to those without ADHD. After adjusting for all covariates, the odds of GAD were still more than double for those with ADHD. Factors associated with GAD among those with ADHD include being female, having an income <$40,000, having fewer close relationships, and having a lifetime history of depression.
Cross-sectional design prohibits causal inferences.
The high co-morbidity between ADHD and GAD emphasizes the need for targeted intervention to support these often overlapping disorders.
研究已确定注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与广泛性焦虑症（GAD）之间存在联系。本研究的目的是调查ADHD与GAD之间的关系，并确定ADHD患者中GAD的显著相关因素。
数据来自具有全国代表性的2012年加拿大社区健康调查-心理健康。样本包括6989名年龄在20-39岁之间的受访者，其中682人患有GAD。进行了双变量和逻辑回归分析，以确定人口统计学、社会经济地位、社会支持、精神信仰、童年逆境、抑郁症和药物滥用/依赖对ADHD与GAD之间关联的减弱程度。使用被诊断患有ADHD的子样本（n = 272）进行了额外分析，以确定与GAD相关的因素。
患有GAD的受访者中，九分之一患有ADHD，而未患有GAD的受访者中，这一比例为三分之一。与未患有ADHD的人相比，患有ADHD的人经年龄、性别、种族调整后的GAD患病几率是其四倍。在对所有协变量进行调整后，患有ADHD的人的GAD患病几率仍高出两倍多。ADHD患者中与GAD相关的因素包括女性、收入低于40000美元、亲密关系较少以及有抑郁症病史。
横断面设计禁止进行因果推断。
ADHD与GAD之间的高共病率强调了针对这些经常重叠的疾病进行有针对性干预的必要性。
