Department of Pulmonology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
FEBS Open Bio. 2022 Jan;12(1):258-269. doi: 10.1002/2211-5463.13334. Epub 2021 Dec 18.
Dermatomyositis and rheumatoid arthritis are inflammatory diseases that affect the skeletal muscles and joints, respectively. A common systemic complication of these diseases is interstitial lung disease (ILD), which leads to a poor prognosis and increased mortality. However, the mechanism for the initiation and development of ILD in patients with dermatomyositis is currently unknown. In the present study, we used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to profile the bacterial community composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with dermatomyositis associated with ILD (DM-ILD; shortened to DM below), rheumatoid arthritis associated with ILD (RA-ILD; shortened to RA below) and healthy controls (N) aiming to understand the differences in their lung microbiota and to predict gene function. We found that there were more operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the lung microbiota of both RA and DM compared to N, although there was no significant difference in the number of OTUs between RA and DM. Similarly, the diversity in alphaproteobacteria differed between RA and DM compared to N, but not between RA and DM. The lung microbiota of RA, DM and N was mainly comprised of five phyla: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria, with 10 dominant genera. Despite the similarity in microbiota composition, we also identified 41 OTUs of lung microbiota that differed among RA, DM and N. Additionally, linear discriminant analysis effect size and linear discriminant analysis genus scores confirmed that 31 microbial biomarkers were clearly distinguished among RA, DM and N. The functional and metabolic alterations of the lung microbiota among RA, DM and N were predicted using picrust, and differentially abundant KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways were identified. Research on the lung microbiota of patients with DM and RA may open new opportunities for developing biomarkers to identify high-risk patients.
皮肌炎和类风湿关节炎分别是影响骨骼肌和关节的炎症性疾病。这些疾病的一个常见的全身并发症是间质性肺病（ILD），这导致预后不良和死亡率增加。然而，皮肌炎患者ILD 的起始和发展机制目前尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们使用 16S rRNA 高通量测序来分析皮肌炎相关间质性肺病（DM-ILD；简称为 DM）、类风湿关节炎相关间质性肺病（RA-ILD；简称为 RA）和健康对照者（N）的支气管肺泡灌洗液中的细菌群落组成，旨在了解它们肺部微生物群的差异，并预测基因功能。我们发现，与 N 相比，RA 和 DM 的肺部微生物群中的操作分类单元（OTU）更多，尽管 RA 和 DM 之间的 OTU 数量没有显著差异。同样，与 N 相比，RA 和 DM 之间的α变形菌多样性不同，但 RA 和 DM 之间没有差异。RA、DM 和 N 的肺部微生物群主要由五个门组成：厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门和梭杆菌门，有 10 个主要属。尽管微生物群组成相似，但我们还在 RA、DM 和 N 之间鉴定出 41 个肺部微生物群 OTU 存在差异。此外，线性判别分析效应大小和线性判别分析属评分证实，31 种微生物生物标志物在 RA、DM 和 N 之间明显区分。使用 picrust 预测 RA、DM 和 N 之间的肺部微生物群的功能和代谢变化，并鉴定出差异丰富的 KEGG（京都基因与基因组百科全书）途径。对 DM 和 RA 患者肺部微生物群的研究可能为开发识别高危患者的生物标志物开辟新的机会。
