The University of British Columbia, Canada.
The University of British Columbia, Canada.
Soc Sci Med. 2022 Jan;292:114565. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114565. Epub 2021 Nov 13.
A small body of research has documented intriguing findings, mostly from the United States but also from Europe, which suggest that the positive health effects of socioeconomic resources in adulthood may be conditioned by socioeconomic circumstances in childhood. There are two competing theories in this literature. The first contends that socioeconomic resources have a stronger effect on adult health for people from disadvantaged backgrounds because socioeconomic resources in adulthood substitute or compensate for a paucity of health-related resources earlier in life. The second contends that socioeconomic resources have a stronger effect on adult health for people from advantaged backgrounds because socioeconomic resources in adulthood compound or multiply the health effects of socioeconomic resources earlier in life. We used survey data from the 2012 Longitudinal and International Study of Adults linked to current and historical income data from the Canada Revenue Agency to investigate interactions between parental and personal socioeconomic resources - education and income, treated separately - as predictors of self-rated health in a sample of Canadians aged 25 to 50. Consistent with the resource multiplication theory, we found that the presumed benefits of personal family income for self-rated health were stronger for women from wealthier backgrounds than for women from poorer backgrounds. We found no evidence to support either theory among men. Overall, none of the interactions involving the education of parents or their adult children reached statistical significance. Our results are indicative of the importance of distinguishing between education and income for adults and their parents when adjudicating between these two theories.
有少量研究记录了一些有趣的发现，这些发现主要来自美国，但也来自欧洲，它们表明，成年期社会经济资源对健康的积极影响可能受到童年时期社会经济环境的制约。这方面的文献中有两种相互竞争的理论。第一种理论认为，对于来自不利背景的人来说，社会经济资源对成年健康的影响更大，因为成年期的社会经济资源可以替代或弥补早年缺乏与健康相关的资源。第二种理论认为，对于来自有利背景的人来说，社会经济资源对成年健康的影响更大，因为成年期的社会经济资源会加剧或放大早年社会经济资源对健康的影响。我们使用了 2012 年纵向和国际成人研究的数据，并将其与加拿大税务局的当前和历史收入数据相联系，调查了父母和个人社会经济资源（分别为教育和收入）作为预测加拿大 25 至 50 岁人群自评健康的指标之间的相互作用。与资源积累理论一致的是，我们发现，对于来自富裕家庭的女性来说，个人家庭收入对自评健康的预期好处要强于来自贫困家庭的女性。我们没有发现任何证据支持男性的任何一种理论。总的来说，父母或其成年子女的教育所涉及的任何相互作用都没有达到统计学意义。我们的研究结果表明，在这两种理论之间进行裁决时，区分成年人及其父母的教育和收入非常重要。
