赛季前训练阶段对青少年足球运动员人体测量学、激素和体能参数的影响。
Effect of pre-season training phase on anthropometric, hormonal and fitness parameters in young soccer players.
机构信息
Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Como, Italy.
IRCCS, SDN, Naples, Italy.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2019 Nov 25;14(11):e0225471. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225471. eCollection 2019.
The aims of the study were to investigate 1) the effect of 8 weeks of PSP training on anthropometrics, salivary hormones and fitness parameters in youth soccer players, 2) the correlations between fitness and hormonal parameters, and 3) the impact of the experience of the coach and his methodology of training on these parameters. Weight, height, BMI, pubertal development (PDS), salivary Cortisol (sC), salivary Testosterone (sT), salivary sDHEAS, intermittent tests (VO2max), and countermovement jump test (CMJ) modifications of 35 youth soccer players (age: 14±0 yrs; BMI: 20.8±1.8 k/m2) from two Italian clubs ("Lupa Frascati" -LF-; "Albalonga" -AL) were analysed. A significant (p<0.05) time by club effect was observed in sC (F(1,31) = 9.7, ES = 1.13), sT (F(1,31) = 4.2, ES = 0.74), CMJ (F(1,28) = 26.5, ES = 1.94), and VO2max (F(1,28) = 8.5, ES = 1.10). Statistical differences (p<0.05) in weight (F(1,32) = 25.5, ES = 0.11), sC (F(1,31) = 32.1, ES = 1.43), sT/sC ratio (F(1,31) = 10.1, ES = 0.97), sDHEAS/sC ratio (F(1,31) = 6.3, ES = 0.70), and VO2max (F(1,28) = 64.3, ES = 1.74) were found within time factor. Between clubs, differences (p<0.05) in sC (F(1,32) = 8.5, ES = 1.17), sT (F(1,31) = 4.2, ES = 0.74), CMJ (F(1,28) = 26.5, ES = 1.50), and VO2max (F(1,28) = 8.5, ES = 1.10) were found. CMJ was inversely correlated with sDHEAS (r = -0.38) before PSP, while Δ of CMJ showed significant correlations with Δ of sC (r = 0.43) and ΔVO2max was inversely correlated with ΔBMI (r = -0.54) and ΔsC (r = -0.37) in all subjects. Considering each single club, ΔVO2max showed correlations with ΔBMI (r = -0.45) in AL, while ΔCMJ showed correlations with ΔPDS (r = 0.72) in LF club. Since the PSP is often limited training time to simultaneously develop physical, technical and tactical qualities, an efficient method to distribute the training load is important in youth soccer players to increase the performance and to avoid injuries.
本研究旨在调查
1）8 周 PSP 训练对青少年足球运动员的人体测量学、唾液激素和体能参数的影响，2）体能和激素参数之间的相关性，以及 3）教练的经验及其训练方法对这些参数的影响。对来自两家意大利俱乐部（“Lupa Frascati”-LF-和“Albalonga”-AL）的 35 名青少年足球运动员（年龄：14±0 岁；BMI：20.8±1.8 kg/m2）的体重、身高、BMI、青春期发育（PDS）、唾液皮质醇（sC）、唾液睾酮（sT）、唾液 DHEAS、间歇性测试（最大摄氧量）和反跳式跳跃测试（CMJ）进行了分析。在 sC（F（1,31）= 9.7，ES = 1.13）、sT（F（1,31）= 4.2，ES = 0.74）、CMJ（F（1,28）= 26.5，ES = 1.94）和 VO2max（F（1,28）= 8.5，ES = 1.10）方面观察到俱乐部与时间之间存在显著（p<0.05）的交互作用。在体重（F（1,32）= 25.5，ES = 0.11）、sC（F（1,31）= 32.1，ES = 1.43）、sT/sC 比值（F（1,31）= 10.1，ES = 0.97）、sDHEAS/sC 比值（F（1,31）= 6.3，ES = 0.70）和 VO2max（F（1,28）= 64.3，ES = 1.74）方面，时间因素内存在统计学差异（p<0.05）。在俱乐部之间，在 sC（F（1,32）= 8.5，ES = 1.17）、sT（F（1,31）= 4.2，ES = 0.74）、CMJ（F（1,28）= 26.5，ES = 1.50）和 VO2max（F（1,28）= 8.5，ES = 1.10）方面存在差异（p<0.05）。在进行 PSP 之前，CMJ 与 sDHEAS 呈负相关（r = -0.38），而 CMJ 的Δ与 sC 的Δ（r = 0.43）和 VO2max 的Δ与 BMI 的Δ（r = -0.54）和 sC 的Δ（r = -0.37）之间存在显著相关性。在所有受试者中，考虑到每个单独的俱乐部，在 AL 中，VO2max 的Δ与 BMI 的Δ（r = -0.45）呈相关性，而在 LF 俱乐部中，CMJ 的Δ与 PDS 的Δ（r = 0.72）呈相关性。由于 PSP 通常将训练时间限制在同时发展身体、技术和战术素质上，因此在青少年足球运动员中找到一种有效的方法来分配训练负荷对于提高表现和避免受伤非常重要。
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