, Pont Melvez, Bretagne, France.
Biol Futur. 2022 Mar;73(1):9-27. doi: 10.1007/s42977-021-00106-z. Epub 2021 Nov 22.
The longest environmental barrier in the world is Australia's 5614 km Dingo Barrier Fence. The structure was completed in the 1950s, designed to facilitate the eradication of the country's apex predator and cultural keystone species the dingo (Canis dingo) from sheep (Ovis aries) grazing areas to the south-east of the continent. The fence and its support systems now present an immense obstacle to ecological restoration in Australia's arid zone, preventing traditional management practices, and are hazardous to all terrestrial wildlife in the immediate vicinity. The barrier presents a worst-case scenario for animal-generated seed dispersal patterns over the wider region and limits genetic transfer. Plummeting biodiversity inside the fence line and increasing pressures of climate change have left this region highly vulnerable to ecological collapse. Concurrently, sheep numbers have contracted over 75% in the arid zone since 1991, due to market forces and climate change, while demand for ethically produced goods such as predator-friendly meat production and organic produce is increasing. Decommissioning the Dingo Barrier Fence, moving the stock protection zone south and diversifying land use would not impact significantly on the current livestock production. It offers a sound economic alternative for the region, with the potential for regeneration of 82 million hectares of land, a scale encouraged for inclusion in the global initiative the United Nations Decade for Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030). This would restore connectivity across the region, including vital access to the waters of the Murray Darling Basin. This would provide mitigation for the effects of climate change, new markets in organic and sustainable industries, and support ecological and cultural renewal.
世界上最长的环境屏障是澳大利亚的 5614 公里长的野狗隔离围栏。该结构建于 20 世纪 50 年代,旨在促进该国顶级捕食者和文化基石物种野狗(Canis dingo)从东南部的绵羊(Ovis aries)放牧区被消灭。该围栏及其支持系统现在成为澳大利亚干旱地区生态恢复的巨大障碍,阻止了传统的管理实践,并对附近的所有陆地野生动物构成危险。该屏障对更广泛地区动物产生的种子扩散模式构成了最坏情况,限制了基因转移。围栏内的生物多样性骤降,气候变化的压力不断增加,使该地区极易发生生态崩溃。与此同时,自 1991 年以来,由于市场力量和气候变化,干旱地区的绵羊数量减少了 75%以上,而对如对捕食者友好的肉类生产和有机农产品等符合道德标准的商品的需求却在增加。拆除野狗隔离围栏,将牲畜保护区向南迁移,并实现土地利用多样化,不会对当前的牲畜生产产生重大影响。这为该地区提供了一个合理的经济选择,有潜力再生 8200 万公顷土地,这一规模鼓励被纳入联合国生态系统恢复十年(2021-2030 年)倡议。这将恢复该地区的连通性,包括通往墨累达令盆地水域的重要通道。这将为气候变化的影响提供缓解措施,为有机和可持续产业的新市场提供支持,并支持生态和文化的更新。